<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>: A Glimpse of the Portuguese Situation
<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> (<i>Xf</i>) is classified as a quarantine pest due to its consequences on economically significant crops. Its main form of transmission in Europe is through the insect <i>Philaenus spumarius</i>. Due to climate change, the populations of...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/14/4/108 |
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| author | Talita Loureiro Maria Manuel Mesquita Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius Luís Serra Ângela Martins Isabel Cortez Patrícia Poeta |
| author_facet | Talita Loureiro Maria Manuel Mesquita Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius Luís Serra Ângela Martins Isabel Cortez Patrícia Poeta |
| author_sort | Talita Loureiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> (<i>Xf</i>) is classified as a quarantine pest due to its consequences on economically significant crops. Its main form of transmission in Europe is through the insect <i>Philaenus spumarius</i>. Due to climate change, the populations of insect vectors have become more extensive, resulting in the dissemination of the bacteria over longer periods, but the destruction of these insects raises issues due to their role in nature. Upon infection, <i>Xf</i> causes the occlusion of xylem vessels via bacterial aggregates and tylosis production by the plant as a response to infection. Although symptomatic manifestations of <i>Xf</i> are often linked to water stress, a variety of plant species have been found to carry the pathogen without symptoms, making it all too easy to evade detection when relying on visual inspections. Beyond water stress, other conditions (individual plant resistance/tolerance, bacterial concentrations, transpiration rates, and interactions between subspecies) may be implicated in symptom development. A thorough understanding of how this disease develops, especially its capacity to spread from the initial focus and establish a systemic infection, is imperative. This review focuses on the <i>Xf</i> infection process, the development of symptoms, its spread within Portugal, and the actions that have been taken to counter it. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:32:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac42f15f789d49dd9026bd07ebbc450a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2036-7481 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:32:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac42f15f789d49dd9026bd07ebbc450a2023-12-22T14:25:03ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812023-10-011441568158810.3390/microbiolres14040108<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>: A Glimpse of the Portuguese SituationTalita Loureiro0Maria Manuel Mesquita1Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius2Luís Serra3Ângela Martins4Isabel Cortez5Patrícia Poeta6Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Department of Agronomy, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalGeneral Directorate for Agriculture and Fisheries of Northern Portugal, 5000-421 Vila Real, PortugalIITAA—Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITA-A), University of the Azores (UAc), 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, PortugalGeneral Directorate of Food and Veterinary, 5000-421 Vila Real, PortugalMicroART—Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalCenter for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Department of Agronomy, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalMicroART—Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> (<i>Xf</i>) is classified as a quarantine pest due to its consequences on economically significant crops. Its main form of transmission in Europe is through the insect <i>Philaenus spumarius</i>. Due to climate change, the populations of insect vectors have become more extensive, resulting in the dissemination of the bacteria over longer periods, but the destruction of these insects raises issues due to their role in nature. Upon infection, <i>Xf</i> causes the occlusion of xylem vessels via bacterial aggregates and tylosis production by the plant as a response to infection. Although symptomatic manifestations of <i>Xf</i> are often linked to water stress, a variety of plant species have been found to carry the pathogen without symptoms, making it all too easy to evade detection when relying on visual inspections. Beyond water stress, other conditions (individual plant resistance/tolerance, bacterial concentrations, transpiration rates, and interactions between subspecies) may be implicated in symptom development. A thorough understanding of how this disease develops, especially its capacity to spread from the initial focus and establish a systemic infection, is imperative. This review focuses on the <i>Xf</i> infection process, the development of symptoms, its spread within Portugal, and the actions that have been taken to counter it.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/14/4/108phytobacteriainsect vectors<i>Philaenus spumarius</i>demarcated zonesolive quick decline syndromePierce’s disease |
| spellingShingle | Talita Loureiro Maria Manuel Mesquita Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius Luís Serra Ângela Martins Isabel Cortez Patrícia Poeta <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>: A Glimpse of the Portuguese Situation Microbiology Research phytobacteria insect vectors <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> demarcated zones olive quick decline syndrome Pierce’s disease |
| title | <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>: A Glimpse of the Portuguese Situation |
| title_full | <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>: A Glimpse of the Portuguese Situation |
| title_fullStr | <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>: A Glimpse of the Portuguese Situation |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>: A Glimpse of the Portuguese Situation |
| title_short | <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>: A Glimpse of the Portuguese Situation |
| title_sort | i xylella fastidiosa i a glimpse of the portuguese situation |
| topic | phytobacteria insect vectors <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> demarcated zones olive quick decline syndrome Pierce’s disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/14/4/108 |
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