Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Effects of <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins Using Bacterial Endotoxin-Stimulated Bovine Epithelial Cells and Macrophages in Co-Culture
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by a variety of fungi that contaminate animal food and feeds and are capable of inducing a wide range of toxicities. Predictive in vitro models represent valuable substitutes for animal experiments to assess the toxicity of mycotoxins. The complexities o...
Main Authors: | Umesh K. Shandilya, Ankita Sharma, Ran Xu, Maria Malane M. Muniz, Niel A. Karrow |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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Series: | Genes |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/11/2014 |
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