Characterization of the In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolites of Linarin in Rat Biosamples and Intestinal Flora Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Linarin, a flavone glycoside, is considered to be a promising natural product due to its diverse pharmacological activities, including analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. In this research, the metabolites of linarin in rat intestinal flora and biosamples were c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-08-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/9/2140 |
| _version_ | 1828487090448367616 |
|---|---|
| author | Xinchi Feng Yang Li Chenxi Guang Miao Qiao Tong Wang Liwei Chai Feng Qiu |
| author_facet | Xinchi Feng Yang Li Chenxi Guang Miao Qiao Tong Wang Liwei Chai Feng Qiu |
| author_sort | Xinchi Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Linarin, a flavone glycoside, is considered to be a promising natural product due to its diverse pharmacological activities, including analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. In this research, the metabolites of linarin in rat intestinal flora and biosamples were characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS). Three ring cleavage metabolites (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde and phloroglucinol) were detected after linarin was incubated with rat intestinal flora. A total of 17 metabolites, including one ring cleavage metabolite (phloroglucinol), were identified in rat biosamples after oral administration of linarin. These results indicate that linarin was able to undergo ring fission metabolism in intestinal flora and that hydrolysis, demethylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, glycosylation, methylation and ring cleavage were the major metabolic pathways. This study provides scientific support for the understanding of the metabolism of linarin and contributes to the further development of linarin as a drug candidate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:44:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac4c4d6457b343f1a064f54243cbacfa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:44:38Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac4c4d6457b343f1a064f54243cbacfa2022-12-22T01:12:36ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492018-08-01239214010.3390/molecules23092140molecules23092140Characterization of the In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolites of Linarin in Rat Biosamples and Intestinal Flora Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass SpectrometryXinchi Feng0Yang Li1Chenxi Guang2Miao Qiao3Tong Wang4Liwei Chai5Feng Qiu6School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, ChinaLinarin, a flavone glycoside, is considered to be a promising natural product due to its diverse pharmacological activities, including analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. In this research, the metabolites of linarin in rat intestinal flora and biosamples were characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS). Three ring cleavage metabolites (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde and phloroglucinol) were detected after linarin was incubated with rat intestinal flora. A total of 17 metabolites, including one ring cleavage metabolite (phloroglucinol), were identified in rat biosamples after oral administration of linarin. These results indicate that linarin was able to undergo ring fission metabolism in intestinal flora and that hydrolysis, demethylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, glycosylation, methylation and ring cleavage were the major metabolic pathways. This study provides scientific support for the understanding of the metabolism of linarin and contributes to the further development of linarin as a drug candidate.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/9/2140linarinring cleavage metabolitesUPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MSratsintestinal flora |
| spellingShingle | Xinchi Feng Yang Li Chenxi Guang Miao Qiao Tong Wang Liwei Chai Feng Qiu Characterization of the In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolites of Linarin in Rat Biosamples and Intestinal Flora Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry Molecules linarin ring cleavage metabolites UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS rats intestinal flora |
| title | Characterization of the In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolites of Linarin in Rat Biosamples and Intestinal Flora Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Characterization of the In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolites of Linarin in Rat Biosamples and Intestinal Flora Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of the In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolites of Linarin in Rat Biosamples and Intestinal Flora Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of the In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolites of Linarin in Rat Biosamples and Intestinal Flora Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Characterization of the In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolites of Linarin in Rat Biosamples and Intestinal Flora Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | characterization of the in vivo and in vitro metabolites of linarin in rat biosamples and intestinal flora using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry |
| topic | linarin ring cleavage metabolites UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS rats intestinal flora |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/9/2140 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xinchifeng characterizationoftheinvivoandinvitrometabolitesoflinarininratbiosamplesandintestinalflorausingultrahighperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithquadrupoletimeofflighttandemmassspectrometry AT yangli characterizationoftheinvivoandinvitrometabolitesoflinarininratbiosamplesandintestinalflorausingultrahighperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithquadrupoletimeofflighttandemmassspectrometry AT chenxiguang characterizationoftheinvivoandinvitrometabolitesoflinarininratbiosamplesandintestinalflorausingultrahighperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithquadrupoletimeofflighttandemmassspectrometry AT miaoqiao characterizationoftheinvivoandinvitrometabolitesoflinarininratbiosamplesandintestinalflorausingultrahighperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithquadrupoletimeofflighttandemmassspectrometry AT tongwang characterizationoftheinvivoandinvitrometabolitesoflinarininratbiosamplesandintestinalflorausingultrahighperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithquadrupoletimeofflighttandemmassspectrometry AT liweichai characterizationoftheinvivoandinvitrometabolitesoflinarininratbiosamplesandintestinalflorausingultrahighperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithquadrupoletimeofflighttandemmassspectrometry AT fengqiu characterizationoftheinvivoandinvitrometabolitesoflinarininratbiosamplesandintestinalflorausingultrahighperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithquadrupoletimeofflighttandemmassspectrometry |