Sediment provenances shift driven by sea level and Indian monsoon in the southern Bay of Bengal since the last glacial maximum
The Tibetan Plateau uplift has induced the formation of the largest sediment source-sink system in the northeast Indian Ocean, which has become an ideal region for investigating land-sea interaction processes. However, many questions regarding sediment transport patterns and their controlling factor...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1106663/full |
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| author | Shengfa Liu Shengfa Liu Wenxing Ye Wenxing Ye Hui Zhang Hui Zhang Peng Cao Peng Cao Jingrui Li Xingquan Sun Xiaoyan Li Xiaoyan Li Xisheng Fang Xisheng Fang Somkiat Khokiattiwong Narumol Kornkanitnan Xuefa Shi Xuefa Shi |
| author_facet | Shengfa Liu Shengfa Liu Wenxing Ye Wenxing Ye Hui Zhang Hui Zhang Peng Cao Peng Cao Jingrui Li Xingquan Sun Xiaoyan Li Xiaoyan Li Xisheng Fang Xisheng Fang Somkiat Khokiattiwong Narumol Kornkanitnan Xuefa Shi Xuefa Shi |
| author_sort | Shengfa Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Tibetan Plateau uplift has induced the formation of the largest sediment source-sink system in the northeast Indian Ocean, which has become an ideal region for investigating land-sea interaction processes. However, many questions regarding sediment transport patterns and their controlling factors at different time scales remain unanswered. Therefore, in the present study, a gravity core named BoB-79, based on the southern Bay of Bengal (BoB) was selected to investigate sediment provenance shift and its corresponding mechanism to sedimentary environment change since the last glacial maximum (LGM). The clay mineral compositions are analyzed and the whole core sediments reveal a feature dominated by illite (~55%), followed by chlorite (~24%) and kaolinite (~17%), and the content of smectite (~4%) is the lowest. A trigonometric analysis of provenance discrimination of clay minerals showed that the Himalayas, together with the Indian Peninsula, represent the main sources of southern BoB sediments, and the last glacial period might have been controlled by the dominant Himalayan provenance, with an average contribution of approximately 90%. However, as a secondary source, the influence of the Indian Peninsula increased significantly during the Holocene, and its mean contribution was 24%, thus, indicating that it had a crucial effect on the evolution process of BoB. The sediment transportation pattern changed significantly from the LGM to the Holocene: in the last glacial period, the low sea level exposed the shelf area that caused the Ganges River connected with the largest submarine canyon in BoB named Swatch of No Ground (SoNG), and the Himalayan materials could be transported to the BoB directly under a strong turbidity current, thereby forming the deep sea deposition center with a sedimentation rate of 4.5 cm/kyr. Following Holocene, the sea level increased significantly, and the materials from multiple rivers around the BoB were directly imported into the continental shelf area. The intensive Indian summer monsoon dominated the transportation process of the terrestrial materials, thereby forming a deposition center in the shallow water area of the continental shelf northeast Indian Ocean; subsequently, the material flux relative to the input to the deep sea area decreased significantly, and the sedimentation rate in the southern BoB decreased to 1.7 cm/kyr. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:46:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac53de902fba43a19747b30b32e65ece |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:46:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac53de902fba43a19747b30b32e65ece2023-01-24T07:38:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-01-011010.3389/fmars.2023.11066631106663Sediment provenances shift driven by sea level and Indian monsoon in the southern Bay of Bengal since the last glacial maximumShengfa Liu0Shengfa Liu1Wenxing Ye2Wenxing Ye3Hui Zhang4Hui Zhang5Peng Cao6Peng Cao7Jingrui Li8Xingquan Sun9Xiaoyan Li10Xiaoyan Li11Xisheng Fang12Xisheng Fang13Somkiat Khokiattiwong14Narumol Kornkanitnan15Xuefa Shi16Xuefa Shi17Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaJimo District Bureau of Natural Resources, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaMarine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok, ThailandMarine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok, ThailandKey Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaThe Tibetan Plateau uplift has induced the formation of the largest sediment source-sink system in the northeast Indian Ocean, which has become an ideal region for investigating land-sea interaction processes. However, many questions regarding sediment transport patterns and their controlling factors at different time scales remain unanswered. Therefore, in the present study, a gravity core named BoB-79, based on the southern Bay of Bengal (BoB) was selected to investigate sediment provenance shift and its corresponding mechanism to sedimentary environment change since the last glacial maximum (LGM). The clay mineral compositions are analyzed and the whole core sediments reveal a feature dominated by illite (~55%), followed by chlorite (~24%) and kaolinite (~17%), and the content of smectite (~4%) is the lowest. A trigonometric analysis of provenance discrimination of clay minerals showed that the Himalayas, together with the Indian Peninsula, represent the main sources of southern BoB sediments, and the last glacial period might have been controlled by the dominant Himalayan provenance, with an average contribution of approximately 90%. However, as a secondary source, the influence of the Indian Peninsula increased significantly during the Holocene, and its mean contribution was 24%, thus, indicating that it had a crucial effect on the evolution process of BoB. The sediment transportation pattern changed significantly from the LGM to the Holocene: in the last glacial period, the low sea level exposed the shelf area that caused the Ganges River connected with the largest submarine canyon in BoB named Swatch of No Ground (SoNG), and the Himalayan materials could be transported to the BoB directly under a strong turbidity current, thereby forming the deep sea deposition center with a sedimentation rate of 4.5 cm/kyr. Following Holocene, the sea level increased significantly, and the materials from multiple rivers around the BoB were directly imported into the continental shelf area. The intensive Indian summer monsoon dominated the transportation process of the terrestrial materials, thereby forming a deposition center in the shallow water area of the continental shelf northeast Indian Ocean; subsequently, the material flux relative to the input to the deep sea area decreased significantly, and the sedimentation rate in the southern BoB decreased to 1.7 cm/kyr.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1106663/fulllast glacial maximum (LGM)sea levelIndian monsoondynamical processBay of Bengal (BoB)sedimentary pattern |
| spellingShingle | Shengfa Liu Shengfa Liu Wenxing Ye Wenxing Ye Hui Zhang Hui Zhang Peng Cao Peng Cao Jingrui Li Xingquan Sun Xiaoyan Li Xiaoyan Li Xisheng Fang Xisheng Fang Somkiat Khokiattiwong Narumol Kornkanitnan Xuefa Shi Xuefa Shi Sediment provenances shift driven by sea level and Indian monsoon in the southern Bay of Bengal since the last glacial maximum Frontiers in Marine Science last glacial maximum (LGM) sea level Indian monsoon dynamical process Bay of Bengal (BoB) sedimentary pattern |
| title | Sediment provenances shift driven by sea level and Indian monsoon in the southern Bay of Bengal since the last glacial maximum |
| title_full | Sediment provenances shift driven by sea level and Indian monsoon in the southern Bay of Bengal since the last glacial maximum |
| title_fullStr | Sediment provenances shift driven by sea level and Indian monsoon in the southern Bay of Bengal since the last glacial maximum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sediment provenances shift driven by sea level and Indian monsoon in the southern Bay of Bengal since the last glacial maximum |
| title_short | Sediment provenances shift driven by sea level and Indian monsoon in the southern Bay of Bengal since the last glacial maximum |
| title_sort | sediment provenances shift driven by sea level and indian monsoon in the southern bay of bengal since the last glacial maximum |
| topic | last glacial maximum (LGM) sea level Indian monsoon dynamical process Bay of Bengal (BoB) sedimentary pattern |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1106663/full |
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