Phospholipases and Reactive Oxygen Species Derived Lipid Biomarkers in Healthy and Diseased Humans and Animals – A Focus on Lysophosphatidylcholine
Phospholipids (PL) are converted into lipid biomarkers by the action of phospholipases and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are activated or released under certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, the in vivo concentration of such lipid biomarkers [e.g., lysophospholip...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.732319/full |
| _version_ | 1830411434859692032 |
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| author | Kathrin M. Engel Jürgen Schiller Christina E. Galuska Beate Fuchs |
| author_facet | Kathrin M. Engel Jürgen Schiller Christina E. Galuska Beate Fuchs |
| author_sort | Kathrin M. Engel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phospholipids (PL) are converted into lipid biomarkers by the action of phospholipases and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are activated or released under certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, the in vivo concentration of such lipid biomarkers [e.g., lysophospholipids (LPLs)] is altered in humans and animals under different conditions such as inflammation, stress, medication, and nutrition. LPLs are particularly interesting because they are known to possess pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and may be generated by two different pathways: either by the influence of phospholipase A2 or by different reactive oxygen species that are generated in significant amounts under inflammatory conditions. Both lead to the cleavage of unsaturated acyl residues. This review provides a short summary of the mechanisms by which lipid biomarkers are generated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The focus will be on lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) because usually, this is the LPL species which occurs in the highest concentration and is, thus, easily detectable by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Finally, the effects of lipid biomarkers as signaling molecules and their roles in different human and animal pathologies such as infertility, cancer, atherosclerosis, and aging will be shortly discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T19:49:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac5f91fee6fc4444adb70b3d13e03834 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T19:49:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac5f91fee6fc4444adb70b3d13e038342022-12-21T19:28:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2021-11-011210.3389/fphys.2021.732319732319Phospholipases and Reactive Oxygen Species Derived Lipid Biomarkers in Healthy and Diseased Humans and Animals – A Focus on LysophosphatidylcholineKathrin M. Engel0Jürgen Schiller1Christina E. Galuska2Beate Fuchs3Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyCore Facility Metabolomics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, GermanyCore Facility Metabolomics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, GermanyPhospholipids (PL) are converted into lipid biomarkers by the action of phospholipases and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are activated or released under certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, the in vivo concentration of such lipid biomarkers [e.g., lysophospholipids (LPLs)] is altered in humans and animals under different conditions such as inflammation, stress, medication, and nutrition. LPLs are particularly interesting because they are known to possess pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and may be generated by two different pathways: either by the influence of phospholipase A2 or by different reactive oxygen species that are generated in significant amounts under inflammatory conditions. Both lead to the cleavage of unsaturated acyl residues. This review provides a short summary of the mechanisms by which lipid biomarkers are generated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The focus will be on lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) because usually, this is the LPL species which occurs in the highest concentration and is, thus, easily detectable by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Finally, the effects of lipid biomarkers as signaling molecules and their roles in different human and animal pathologies such as infertility, cancer, atherosclerosis, and aging will be shortly discussed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.732319/fulldisease markersinflammationlysophospholipidslysophosphatidylcholinephospholipidsphospholipase |
| spellingShingle | Kathrin M. Engel Jürgen Schiller Christina E. Galuska Beate Fuchs Phospholipases and Reactive Oxygen Species Derived Lipid Biomarkers in Healthy and Diseased Humans and Animals – A Focus on Lysophosphatidylcholine Frontiers in Physiology disease markers inflammation lysophospholipids lysophosphatidylcholine phospholipids phospholipase |
| title | Phospholipases and Reactive Oxygen Species Derived Lipid Biomarkers in Healthy and Diseased Humans and Animals – A Focus on Lysophosphatidylcholine |
| title_full | Phospholipases and Reactive Oxygen Species Derived Lipid Biomarkers in Healthy and Diseased Humans and Animals – A Focus on Lysophosphatidylcholine |
| title_fullStr | Phospholipases and Reactive Oxygen Species Derived Lipid Biomarkers in Healthy and Diseased Humans and Animals – A Focus on Lysophosphatidylcholine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phospholipases and Reactive Oxygen Species Derived Lipid Biomarkers in Healthy and Diseased Humans and Animals – A Focus on Lysophosphatidylcholine |
| title_short | Phospholipases and Reactive Oxygen Species Derived Lipid Biomarkers in Healthy and Diseased Humans and Animals – A Focus on Lysophosphatidylcholine |
| title_sort | phospholipases and reactive oxygen species derived lipid biomarkers in healthy and diseased humans and animals a focus on lysophosphatidylcholine |
| topic | disease markers inflammation lysophospholipids lysophosphatidylcholine phospholipids phospholipase |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.732319/full |
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