Diminished Systemic and Mycobacterial Antigen Specific Anti-microbial Peptide Responses in Low Body Mass Index–Latent Tuberculosis Co-morbidity
Low body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for progression from latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) are multifunctional molecules that play a crucial role in the mammalian host innate defense mechanism. AMPs have been shown...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00165/full |
| _version_ | 1819159000709595136 |
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| author | Anuradha Rajamanickam Saravanan Munisankar Chandra Kumar Dolla Subash Babu Subash Babu |
| author_facet | Anuradha Rajamanickam Saravanan Munisankar Chandra Kumar Dolla Subash Babu Subash Babu |
| author_sort | Anuradha Rajamanickam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for progression from latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) are multifunctional molecules that play a crucial role in the mammalian host innate defense mechanism. AMPs have been shown to have an important role in host immunity to TB infection. The association of antimicrobial peptides with low BMI–latent tuberculosis (LTBI) co-morbidity has not been explored. To study the association of AMPs with LTBI-BMI, we examined the systemic, baseline, and mycobacterial antigen stimulated levels of human neutrophil peptides 1–3, (HNP1-3), granulysin, human beta defensin–2 (HBD-2), and cathelicidin (LL-37) in individuals with LTBI and low BMI (LBMI) and compared them with individuals with LTBI and normal BMI (NBMI). LBMI was characterized by diminished systemic levels of HNP1-3, granulysin, HBD-2 and cathelicidin in comparison with NBMI. Similarly, LBMI was also characterized by diminished unstimulated levels of HNP1-3 and granulysin and diminished mycobacterial antigen stimulated levels of HNP1-3, granulysin, and HBD-2. In addition, certain AMPs exhibited a positive correlation with BMI. Our data, therefore, demonstrates that coexistent LBMI in LTBI is characterized by the diminished levels of HNP1-3, granulysin, HBD-2, and cathelicidin, thereby potentially increasing the risk of progression to active TB. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T16:33:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac6376fc0527412f8108eb756e619870 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T16:33:36Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac6376fc0527412f8108eb756e6198702022-12-21T18:20:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882020-04-011010.3389/fcimb.2020.00165531284Diminished Systemic and Mycobacterial Antigen Specific Anti-microbial Peptide Responses in Low Body Mass Index–Latent Tuberculosis Co-morbidityAnuradha Rajamanickam0Saravanan Munisankar1Chandra Kumar Dolla2Subash Babu3Subash Babu4National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, IndiaNational Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, IndiaNational Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, IndiaLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United StatesLow body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for progression from latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) are multifunctional molecules that play a crucial role in the mammalian host innate defense mechanism. AMPs have been shown to have an important role in host immunity to TB infection. The association of antimicrobial peptides with low BMI–latent tuberculosis (LTBI) co-morbidity has not been explored. To study the association of AMPs with LTBI-BMI, we examined the systemic, baseline, and mycobacterial antigen stimulated levels of human neutrophil peptides 1–3, (HNP1-3), granulysin, human beta defensin–2 (HBD-2), and cathelicidin (LL-37) in individuals with LTBI and low BMI (LBMI) and compared them with individuals with LTBI and normal BMI (NBMI). LBMI was characterized by diminished systemic levels of HNP1-3, granulysin, HBD-2 and cathelicidin in comparison with NBMI. Similarly, LBMI was also characterized by diminished unstimulated levels of HNP1-3 and granulysin and diminished mycobacterial antigen stimulated levels of HNP1-3, granulysin, and HBD-2. In addition, certain AMPs exhibited a positive correlation with BMI. Our data, therefore, demonstrates that coexistent LBMI in LTBI is characterized by the diminished levels of HNP1-3, granulysin, HBD-2, and cathelicidin, thereby potentially increasing the risk of progression to active TB.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00165/fulllow BMIlatent tuberculosisanti-microbial peptidesHNP1-3granulysinHBD-2 |
| spellingShingle | Anuradha Rajamanickam Saravanan Munisankar Chandra Kumar Dolla Subash Babu Subash Babu Diminished Systemic and Mycobacterial Antigen Specific Anti-microbial Peptide Responses in Low Body Mass Index–Latent Tuberculosis Co-morbidity Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology low BMI latent tuberculosis anti-microbial peptides HNP1-3 granulysin HBD-2 |
| title | Diminished Systemic and Mycobacterial Antigen Specific Anti-microbial Peptide Responses in Low Body Mass Index–Latent Tuberculosis Co-morbidity |
| title_full | Diminished Systemic and Mycobacterial Antigen Specific Anti-microbial Peptide Responses in Low Body Mass Index–Latent Tuberculosis Co-morbidity |
| title_fullStr | Diminished Systemic and Mycobacterial Antigen Specific Anti-microbial Peptide Responses in Low Body Mass Index–Latent Tuberculosis Co-morbidity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diminished Systemic and Mycobacterial Antigen Specific Anti-microbial Peptide Responses in Low Body Mass Index–Latent Tuberculosis Co-morbidity |
| title_short | Diminished Systemic and Mycobacterial Antigen Specific Anti-microbial Peptide Responses in Low Body Mass Index–Latent Tuberculosis Co-morbidity |
| title_sort | diminished systemic and mycobacterial antigen specific anti microbial peptide responses in low body mass index latent tuberculosis co morbidity |
| topic | low BMI latent tuberculosis anti-microbial peptides HNP1-3 granulysin HBD-2 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00165/full |
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