Design Principles Governing the Development of Theranostic Anticancer Agents and Their Nanoformulations with Photoacoustic Properties
The unmet need to develop novel approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment has led to the evolution of theranostic agents, which usually include, in addition to the anticancer drug, an imaging agent based mostly on fluorescent agents. Over the past few years, a non-invasive photoacoustic imaging...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/362 |
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| author | Stavroula G. Kyrkou Eirinaios I. Vrettos Dimitris Gorpas Timothy Crook Nelofer Syed Andreas G. Tzakos |
| author_facet | Stavroula G. Kyrkou Eirinaios I. Vrettos Dimitris Gorpas Timothy Crook Nelofer Syed Andreas G. Tzakos |
| author_sort | Stavroula G. Kyrkou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The unmet need to develop novel approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment has led to the evolution of theranostic agents, which usually include, in addition to the anticancer drug, an imaging agent based mostly on fluorescent agents. Over the past few years, a non-invasive photoacoustic imaging modality has been effectively integrated into theranostic agents. Herein, we shed light on the design principles governing the development of theranostic agents with photoacoustic properties, which can be formulated into nanocarriers to enhance their potency. Specifically, we provide an extensive analysis of their individual constituents including the imaging dyes, drugs, linkers, targeting moieties, and their formulation into nanocarriers. Along these lines, we present numerous relevant paradigms. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance of the specific strategy, as also the limitations and future perspectives, and through this review, we envisage paving the way for the development of theranostic agents endowed with photoacoustic properties as effective anticancer medicines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:14:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac67222595f748ba99ec0d5e7976768d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:14:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac67222595f748ba99ec0d5e7976768d2023-11-23T21:38:03ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-02-0114236210.3390/pharmaceutics14020362Design Principles Governing the Development of Theranostic Anticancer Agents and Their Nanoformulations with Photoacoustic PropertiesStavroula G. Kyrkou0Eirinaios I. Vrettos1Dimitris Gorpas2Timothy Crook3Nelofer Syed4Andreas G. Tzakos5Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceInstitute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, GermanyJohn Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UKJohn Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UKDepartment of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceThe unmet need to develop novel approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment has led to the evolution of theranostic agents, which usually include, in addition to the anticancer drug, an imaging agent based mostly on fluorescent agents. Over the past few years, a non-invasive photoacoustic imaging modality has been effectively integrated into theranostic agents. Herein, we shed light on the design principles governing the development of theranostic agents with photoacoustic properties, which can be formulated into nanocarriers to enhance their potency. Specifically, we provide an extensive analysis of their individual constituents including the imaging dyes, drugs, linkers, targeting moieties, and their formulation into nanocarriers. Along these lines, we present numerous relevant paradigms. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance of the specific strategy, as also the limitations and future perspectives, and through this review, we envisage paving the way for the development of theranostic agents endowed with photoacoustic properties as effective anticancer medicines.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/362cancertheranosticsphotoacousticphototherapynanoformulations |
| spellingShingle | Stavroula G. Kyrkou Eirinaios I. Vrettos Dimitris Gorpas Timothy Crook Nelofer Syed Andreas G. Tzakos Design Principles Governing the Development of Theranostic Anticancer Agents and Their Nanoformulations with Photoacoustic Properties Pharmaceutics cancer theranostics photoacoustic phototherapy nanoformulations |
| title | Design Principles Governing the Development of Theranostic Anticancer Agents and Their Nanoformulations with Photoacoustic Properties |
| title_full | Design Principles Governing the Development of Theranostic Anticancer Agents and Their Nanoformulations with Photoacoustic Properties |
| title_fullStr | Design Principles Governing the Development of Theranostic Anticancer Agents and Their Nanoformulations with Photoacoustic Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design Principles Governing the Development of Theranostic Anticancer Agents and Their Nanoformulations with Photoacoustic Properties |
| title_short | Design Principles Governing the Development of Theranostic Anticancer Agents and Their Nanoformulations with Photoacoustic Properties |
| title_sort | design principles governing the development of theranostic anticancer agents and their nanoformulations with photoacoustic properties |
| topic | cancer theranostics photoacoustic phototherapy nanoformulations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/362 |
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