Investigation of Centrifugal Fractionation with Time-Dependent Process Parameters as a New Approach Contributing to the Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Components
Recycling of lithium-ion batteries will become imperative in the future, but comprehensive and sustainable processes for this are still rather lacking. Direct recycling comprising separation of the black mass components as a key step is regarded as the most seminal approach. This paper contributes a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1617 |
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| author | Tabea Sinn Andreas Flegler Andreas Wolf Thomas Stübinger Wolfgang Witt Hermann Nirschl Marco Gleiß |
| author_facet | Tabea Sinn Andreas Flegler Andreas Wolf Thomas Stübinger Wolfgang Witt Hermann Nirschl Marco Gleiß |
| author_sort | Tabea Sinn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recycling of lithium-ion batteries will become imperative in the future, but comprehensive and sustainable processes for this are still rather lacking. Direct recycling comprising separation of the black mass components as a key step is regarded as the most seminal approach. This paper contributes a novel approach for such separation, that is fractionation in a tubular centrifuge. An aqueous dispersion of cathode materials (lithium iron phosphate, also referred to as LFP, and carbon black) serves as exemplary feed to be fractionated, desirably resulting in a sediment of pure LFP. This paper provides a detailed study of the commonly time-dependent output of the tubular centrifuge and introduces an approach aiming to achieve constant output. Therefore, three different settings are assessed, constantly low, constantly high and an increase in rotational speed over time. Constant settings result in the predictable unsatisfactory time-variant output, whereas rotational speed increase proves to be able to maintain constant centrate properties. With further process development, the concept of fractionation in tubular centrifuges may mature into a promising separation technique for black mass in a direct recycling process chain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:23:34Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:23:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac6c0479db9c4b129bb1b6e5bc2a5d832023-11-20T23:10:28ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-12-011012161710.3390/met10121617Investigation of Centrifugal Fractionation with Time-Dependent Process Parameters as a New Approach Contributing to the Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery ComponentsTabea Sinn0Andreas Flegler1Andreas Wolf2Thomas Stübinger3Wolfgang Witt4Hermann Nirschl5Marco Gleiß6Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Straße am Forum 8, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, GermanySympatec GmbH, Am Pulverhaus 1, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, GermanySympatec GmbH, Am Pulverhaus 1, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Straße am Forum 8, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Straße am Forum 8, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyRecycling of lithium-ion batteries will become imperative in the future, but comprehensive and sustainable processes for this are still rather lacking. Direct recycling comprising separation of the black mass components as a key step is regarded as the most seminal approach. This paper contributes a novel approach for such separation, that is fractionation in a tubular centrifuge. An aqueous dispersion of cathode materials (lithium iron phosphate, also referred to as LFP, and carbon black) serves as exemplary feed to be fractionated, desirably resulting in a sediment of pure LFP. This paper provides a detailed study of the commonly time-dependent output of the tubular centrifuge and introduces an approach aiming to achieve constant output. Therefore, three different settings are assessed, constantly low, constantly high and an increase in rotational speed over time. Constant settings result in the predictable unsatisfactory time-variant output, whereas rotational speed increase proves to be able to maintain constant centrate properties. With further process development, the concept of fractionation in tubular centrifuges may mature into a promising separation technique for black mass in a direct recycling process chain.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1617fractionationtubular centrifugerotational speed controlparticle size analysislithium iron phosphateLFP |
| spellingShingle | Tabea Sinn Andreas Flegler Andreas Wolf Thomas Stübinger Wolfgang Witt Hermann Nirschl Marco Gleiß Investigation of Centrifugal Fractionation with Time-Dependent Process Parameters as a New Approach Contributing to the Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Components Metals fractionation tubular centrifuge rotational speed control particle size analysis lithium iron phosphate LFP |
| title | Investigation of Centrifugal Fractionation with Time-Dependent Process Parameters as a New Approach Contributing to the Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Components |
| title_full | Investigation of Centrifugal Fractionation with Time-Dependent Process Parameters as a New Approach Contributing to the Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Components |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Centrifugal Fractionation with Time-Dependent Process Parameters as a New Approach Contributing to the Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Components |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Centrifugal Fractionation with Time-Dependent Process Parameters as a New Approach Contributing to the Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Components |
| title_short | Investigation of Centrifugal Fractionation with Time-Dependent Process Parameters as a New Approach Contributing to the Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Components |
| title_sort | investigation of centrifugal fractionation with time dependent process parameters as a new approach contributing to the direct recycling of lithium ion battery components |
| topic | fractionation tubular centrifuge rotational speed control particle size analysis lithium iron phosphate LFP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1617 |
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