Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Abstract Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the new invasive pest of different economic crops, threatening the agricultural economy worldwide. Chemical insecticides are the main control management strategy applied by almost farmers. As the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00669-0 |
| _version_ | 1827982852367581184 |
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| author | Hend O. Mohamed Souad A. Shairra |
| author_facet | Hend O. Mohamed Souad A. Shairra |
| author_sort | Hend O. Mohamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the new invasive pest of different economic crops, threatening the agricultural economy worldwide. Chemical insecticides are the main control management strategy applied by almost farmers. As the adverse effect of these chemicals on the environment and human health, improving alternative environmentally friendly control against this pest is urgently needed. In this response, the pathogenicity bioassays of 2 entomopathogenic nematode species (EPNs), Steinernema carpocapsae (All) and Heterorhabditis indica (EGAZ2), on different FAW larval instars (2nd to 6th instars) were assessed under laboratory conditions. Results The results cleared that FAW larval mortality rate was varied significantly related to nematode species, post-exposure times and developmental instar stages. S. carpocapsae application was more virulent and effective against all tested instars larvae, registering 100% mortality after 48–72 h post-exposure at different nematode concentrations (150–2400 IJs). However, H. indica caused 100% mortality in early instars only after 96 h, but late instars required a longer time extending to 120–188 h at tested concentrations. In this context, 2nd and 3rd instars were highly susceptible to Heterorhabditis species infection. Lower nematode concentrations (150–300 IJs) caused moderate mortality 33.33–50%, respectively, in 5th and 6th full-developed larvae only. All recovery larvae post-infection died in the pupal stage or adult emerged with wing malformation. Conclusion The 2 EPN species were virulent against different FAW larval instars at different concentrations and exposure times. Thereby, they are recommended as biocontrol agents against this invasive pest, particularly S. carpocapsae after low-exposure time. This study provides essential information on EPNs, which will further help in the practical application of biological control against fall armyworm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:38:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac700588e92945b5ba8a63d8ac81f925 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2536-9342 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:38:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac700588e92945b5ba8a63d8ac81f9252023-03-22T12:19:46ZengSpringerOpenEgyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control2536-93422023-02-0133111010.1186/s41938-023-00669-0Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)Hend O. Mohamed0Souad A. Shairra1Biological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research CenterBiological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research CenterAbstract Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the new invasive pest of different economic crops, threatening the agricultural economy worldwide. Chemical insecticides are the main control management strategy applied by almost farmers. As the adverse effect of these chemicals on the environment and human health, improving alternative environmentally friendly control against this pest is urgently needed. In this response, the pathogenicity bioassays of 2 entomopathogenic nematode species (EPNs), Steinernema carpocapsae (All) and Heterorhabditis indica (EGAZ2), on different FAW larval instars (2nd to 6th instars) were assessed under laboratory conditions. Results The results cleared that FAW larval mortality rate was varied significantly related to nematode species, post-exposure times and developmental instar stages. S. carpocapsae application was more virulent and effective against all tested instars larvae, registering 100% mortality after 48–72 h post-exposure at different nematode concentrations (150–2400 IJs). However, H. indica caused 100% mortality in early instars only after 96 h, but late instars required a longer time extending to 120–188 h at tested concentrations. In this context, 2nd and 3rd instars were highly susceptible to Heterorhabditis species infection. Lower nematode concentrations (150–300 IJs) caused moderate mortality 33.33–50%, respectively, in 5th and 6th full-developed larvae only. All recovery larvae post-infection died in the pupal stage or adult emerged with wing malformation. Conclusion The 2 EPN species were virulent against different FAW larval instars at different concentrations and exposure times. Thereby, they are recommended as biocontrol agents against this invasive pest, particularly S. carpocapsae after low-exposure time. This study provides essential information on EPNs, which will further help in the practical application of biological control against fall armyworm.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00669-0Biological controlEntomopathogenic nematodesSpodoptera frugiperdaPathogenicity assays |
| spellingShingle | Hend O. Mohamed Souad A. Shairra Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control Biological control Entomopathogenic nematodes Spodoptera frugiperda Pathogenicity assays |
| title | Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_full | Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_fullStr | Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_short | Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_sort | pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the new invasive fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda j e smith lepidoptera noctuidae |
| topic | Biological control Entomopathogenic nematodes Spodoptera frugiperda Pathogenicity assays |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00669-0 |
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