Progressive Right Ventricular Obstruction Caused by a Double-Chambered Right Ventricle Resulting in Shunt-Reversal via a Concomitant Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect and Subsequent Erythrocytosis in a Dog
A 3-year-old Chihuahua was presented because of exercise intolerance, respiratory distress, and syncopal episodes. At the age of 10 weeks, the dog was diagnosed with a congenital small left-to-right shunting ventricular septal defect and a mild right ventricular outflow tract obstruction via echocar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/3/174 |
| _version_ | 1797608712671592448 |
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| author | Viktor Szatmári Mark Dirven Heike Aupperle-Lellbach |
| author_facet | Viktor Szatmári Mark Dirven Heike Aupperle-Lellbach |
| author_sort | Viktor Szatmári |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 3-year-old Chihuahua was presented because of exercise intolerance, respiratory distress, and syncopal episodes. At the age of 10 weeks, the dog was diagnosed with a congenital small left-to-right shunting ventricular septal defect and a mild right ventricular outflow tract obstruction via echocardiography. At that time, the dog was asymptomatic, but the breeder’s veterinarian heard a murmur. Both cardiac defects were judged to be clinically non-relevant at that time. However, at 3 years of age, echocardiography revealed a severe right ventricular obstruction, known as a double-chambered right ventricle, along with right-to-left shunting via the ventricular septal defect. Because of chronic hypoxemia due to the right-to-left shunting, erythrocytosis developed. Flow reversal via the shunt was caused by a progressively worsening right ventricular obstruction leading to a supra-systemic right ventricular systolic pressure. Because of the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanized, and the heart was submitted for post-mortem examination. Gross pathologic findings revealed the close proximity of the right ventricular obstructive lesion to the ventricular septal defect. Histopathology revealed localized muscular hypertrophy and severe endocardial fibrosis. The suspected pathogenesis of the progressive obstruction was infiltrative myocardial fibrosis due to turbulent blood flow from the left-to-right shunting ventricular septal defect, as described in humans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:47:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac70766863754b1687e5c485a56a8944 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:47:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac70766863754b1687e5c485a56a89442023-11-17T14:20:19ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812023-02-0110317410.3390/vetsci10030174Progressive Right Ventricular Obstruction Caused by a Double-Chambered Right Ventricle Resulting in Shunt-Reversal via a Concomitant Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect and Subsequent Erythrocytosis in a DogViktor Szatmári0Mark Dirven1Heike Aupperle-Lellbach2Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The NetherlandsClinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The NetherlandsLaboklin GMBH & CO.KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, GermanyA 3-year-old Chihuahua was presented because of exercise intolerance, respiratory distress, and syncopal episodes. At the age of 10 weeks, the dog was diagnosed with a congenital small left-to-right shunting ventricular septal defect and a mild right ventricular outflow tract obstruction via echocardiography. At that time, the dog was asymptomatic, but the breeder’s veterinarian heard a murmur. Both cardiac defects were judged to be clinically non-relevant at that time. However, at 3 years of age, echocardiography revealed a severe right ventricular obstruction, known as a double-chambered right ventricle, along with right-to-left shunting via the ventricular septal defect. Because of chronic hypoxemia due to the right-to-left shunting, erythrocytosis developed. Flow reversal via the shunt was caused by a progressively worsening right ventricular obstruction leading to a supra-systemic right ventricular systolic pressure. Because of the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanized, and the heart was submitted for post-mortem examination. Gross pathologic findings revealed the close proximity of the right ventricular obstructive lesion to the ventricular septal defect. Histopathology revealed localized muscular hypertrophy and severe endocardial fibrosis. The suspected pathogenesis of the progressive obstruction was infiltrative myocardial fibrosis due to turbulent blood flow from the left-to-right shunting ventricular septal defect, as described in humans.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/3/174cyanosisendothelial-to-mesenchymal transitionGasul phenomenonendocardial fibrosishypoxemiamurmur |
| spellingShingle | Viktor Szatmári Mark Dirven Heike Aupperle-Lellbach Progressive Right Ventricular Obstruction Caused by a Double-Chambered Right Ventricle Resulting in Shunt-Reversal via a Concomitant Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect and Subsequent Erythrocytosis in a Dog Veterinary Sciences cyanosis endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition Gasul phenomenon endocardial fibrosis hypoxemia murmur |
| title | Progressive Right Ventricular Obstruction Caused by a Double-Chambered Right Ventricle Resulting in Shunt-Reversal via a Concomitant Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect and Subsequent Erythrocytosis in a Dog |
| title_full | Progressive Right Ventricular Obstruction Caused by a Double-Chambered Right Ventricle Resulting in Shunt-Reversal via a Concomitant Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect and Subsequent Erythrocytosis in a Dog |
| title_fullStr | Progressive Right Ventricular Obstruction Caused by a Double-Chambered Right Ventricle Resulting in Shunt-Reversal via a Concomitant Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect and Subsequent Erythrocytosis in a Dog |
| title_full_unstemmed | Progressive Right Ventricular Obstruction Caused by a Double-Chambered Right Ventricle Resulting in Shunt-Reversal via a Concomitant Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect and Subsequent Erythrocytosis in a Dog |
| title_short | Progressive Right Ventricular Obstruction Caused by a Double-Chambered Right Ventricle Resulting in Shunt-Reversal via a Concomitant Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect and Subsequent Erythrocytosis in a Dog |
| title_sort | progressive right ventricular obstruction caused by a double chambered right ventricle resulting in shunt reversal via a concomitant congenital ventricular septal defect and subsequent erythrocytosis in a dog |
| topic | cyanosis endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition Gasul phenomenon endocardial fibrosis hypoxemia murmur |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/3/174 |
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