Levels of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee
<i>Alternaria</i> toxins are emerging mycotoxins, candidates for regulation by European Authorities. Therefore, highly sensitive, confirmatory, and reliable analytical methodologies are required for their monitoring in food. In that context, an isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method was develo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/9/595 |
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| author | Claudia Mujahid Marie-Claude Savoy Quentin Baslé Pei Mun Woo Edith Chin Yean Ee Pascal Mottier Thomas Bessaire |
| author_facet | Claudia Mujahid Marie-Claude Savoy Quentin Baslé Pei Mun Woo Edith Chin Yean Ee Pascal Mottier Thomas Bessaire |
| author_sort | Claudia Mujahid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Alternaria</i> toxins are emerging mycotoxins, candidates for regulation by European Authorities. Therefore, highly sensitive, confirmatory, and reliable analytical methodologies are required for their monitoring in food. In that context, an isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of five <i>Alternaria</i> toxins (Altenuene, Alternariol, Alternariol monomethylether, Tentoxin, and Tenuazonic Acid) in a broad range of commodities including cereals and cereal-based products, tomato-based products, tree nuts, vegetable oils, dried fruits, cocoa, green coffee, spices, herbs, and tea. Validation data collected in two different laboratories demonstrated the robustness of the method. Underestimation of Tenuazonic Acid level in dry samples such as cereals was reported when inappropriate extraction solvent mixtures were used as currently done in several published methodologies. An investigation survey performed on 216 food items evidenced large variations of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins levels, in line with data reported in the last EFSA safety assessment. The analysis of 78 green coffee samples collected from 21 producing countries demonstrated that coffee is a negligible source of exposure to <i>Alternaria</i> toxins. Its wide scope of application, adequate sample throughput, and high sensitivity make this method fit for purpose for the regular monitoring of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in foods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:19:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac7080b78ac84b1dafef925ecdb4e30b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:19:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac7080b78ac84b1dafef925ecdb4e30b2023-11-20T13:45:38ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-09-0112959510.3390/toxins12090595Levels of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green CoffeeClaudia Mujahid0Marie-Claude Savoy1Quentin Baslé2Pei Mun Woo3Edith Chin Yean Ee4Pascal Mottier5Thomas Bessaire6Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, SwitzerlandNestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, SwitzerlandNestlé Quality Assurance Center, 29 Quality Road, Singapore 618802, SingaporeNestlé Quality Assurance Center, 29 Quality Road, Singapore 618802, SingaporeNestlé Quality Assurance Center, 29 Quality Road, Singapore 618802, SingaporeNestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, SwitzerlandNestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland<i>Alternaria</i> toxins are emerging mycotoxins, candidates for regulation by European Authorities. Therefore, highly sensitive, confirmatory, and reliable analytical methodologies are required for their monitoring in food. In that context, an isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of five <i>Alternaria</i> toxins (Altenuene, Alternariol, Alternariol monomethylether, Tentoxin, and Tenuazonic Acid) in a broad range of commodities including cereals and cereal-based products, tomato-based products, tree nuts, vegetable oils, dried fruits, cocoa, green coffee, spices, herbs, and tea. Validation data collected in two different laboratories demonstrated the robustness of the method. Underestimation of Tenuazonic Acid level in dry samples such as cereals was reported when inappropriate extraction solvent mixtures were used as currently done in several published methodologies. An investigation survey performed on 216 food items evidenced large variations of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins levels, in line with data reported in the last EFSA safety assessment. The analysis of 78 green coffee samples collected from 21 producing countries demonstrated that coffee is a negligible source of exposure to <i>Alternaria</i> toxins. Its wide scope of application, adequate sample throughput, and high sensitivity make this method fit for purpose for the regular monitoring of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in foods.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/9/595mycotoxins<i>Alternaria</i> toxinsLC-MS/MSisotopic dilutioncompliancetenuazonic acid |
| spellingShingle | Claudia Mujahid Marie-Claude Savoy Quentin Baslé Pei Mun Woo Edith Chin Yean Ee Pascal Mottier Thomas Bessaire Levels of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee Toxins mycotoxins <i>Alternaria</i> toxins LC-MS/MS isotopic dilution compliance tenuazonic acid |
| title | Levels of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
| title_full | Levels of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
| title_fullStr | Levels of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
| title_full_unstemmed | Levels of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
| title_short | Levels of <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
| title_sort | levels of i alternaria i toxins in selected food commodities including green coffee |
| topic | mycotoxins <i>Alternaria</i> toxins LC-MS/MS isotopic dilution compliance tenuazonic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/9/595 |
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