Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance
Prostate cancer is the second most leading and prevalent malignancy around the world, following lung cancer. Prostate cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer morbidity and mortality have grown drastically, and intensive prostate cancer care...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-03-01
|
| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/7/1602 |
| _version_ | 1797539418752417792 |
|---|---|
| author | Yaseen Hussain Sepideh Mirzaei Milad Ashrafizadeh Ali Zarrabi Kiavash Hushmandi Haroon Khan Maria Daglia |
| author_facet | Yaseen Hussain Sepideh Mirzaei Milad Ashrafizadeh Ali Zarrabi Kiavash Hushmandi Haroon Khan Maria Daglia |
| author_sort | Yaseen Hussain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prostate cancer is the second most leading and prevalent malignancy around the world, following lung cancer. Prostate cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer morbidity and mortality have grown drastically, and intensive prostate cancer care is unlikely to produce adequate outcomes. The synthetic drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer in clinical practice face several challenges. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. Apart from its beneficial effects, its plays a key role as an anti-cancer agent. Quercetin has shown anticancer potential, both alone and in combination. Therefore, the current study was designed to collect information from the literature regarding its therapeutic significance in the treatment of prostate cancer. Studies performed both in vitro and in vivo have confirmed that quercetin effectively prevents prostate cancer through different underlying mechanisms. Promising findings have also been achieved in clinical trials regarding the pharmacokinetics and human applications of quercetin. In the meantime, epidemiological studies have shown a negative correlation between the consumption of quercetin and the incidence of prostate cancer, and have indicated a chemopreventive effect of quercetin on prostate cancer in animal models. The major issues associated with quercetin are its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism, and these require priority attention. Chemoresistance is another main negative feature concerning prostate cancer treatment. This review highlights the chemotherapeutic effect, chemo preventive effect, and chemoresistance elimination potential of quercetin in prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms for elimination of prostate cancer and eradication of resistance, either alone or in combination with other agents, are also discussed. In addition, the nanoscale delivery of quercetin is underpinned along with possible directions for future study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:45:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac79afe964a74ab78ff198b1da39d246 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:45:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac79afe964a74ab78ff198b1da39d2462023-11-21T13:31:45ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-03-01137160210.3390/cancers13071602Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing ChemoresistanceYaseen Hussain0Sepideh Mirzaei1Milad Ashrafizadeh2Ali Zarrabi3Kiavash Hushmandi4Haroon Khan5Maria Daglia6Lab of Control Release and Drug Delivery System, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, IranFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, TurkeySabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, TurkeyDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, IranDepartment of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalyProstate cancer is the second most leading and prevalent malignancy around the world, following lung cancer. Prostate cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer morbidity and mortality have grown drastically, and intensive prostate cancer care is unlikely to produce adequate outcomes. The synthetic drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer in clinical practice face several challenges. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. Apart from its beneficial effects, its plays a key role as an anti-cancer agent. Quercetin has shown anticancer potential, both alone and in combination. Therefore, the current study was designed to collect information from the literature regarding its therapeutic significance in the treatment of prostate cancer. Studies performed both in vitro and in vivo have confirmed that quercetin effectively prevents prostate cancer through different underlying mechanisms. Promising findings have also been achieved in clinical trials regarding the pharmacokinetics and human applications of quercetin. In the meantime, epidemiological studies have shown a negative correlation between the consumption of quercetin and the incidence of prostate cancer, and have indicated a chemopreventive effect of quercetin on prostate cancer in animal models. The major issues associated with quercetin are its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism, and these require priority attention. Chemoresistance is another main negative feature concerning prostate cancer treatment. This review highlights the chemotherapeutic effect, chemo preventive effect, and chemoresistance elimination potential of quercetin in prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms for elimination of prostate cancer and eradication of resistance, either alone or in combination with other agents, are also discussed. In addition, the nanoscale delivery of quercetin is underpinned along with possible directions for future study.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/7/1602quercetinchemotherapeuticchemo resistancemechanismsnano scale delivery |
| spellingShingle | Yaseen Hussain Sepideh Mirzaei Milad Ashrafizadeh Ali Zarrabi Kiavash Hushmandi Haroon Khan Maria Daglia Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance Cancers quercetin chemotherapeutic chemo resistance mechanisms nano scale delivery |
| title | Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance |
| title_full | Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance |
| title_fullStr | Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance |
| title_short | Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance |
| title_sort | quercetin and its nano scale delivery systems in prostate cancer therapy paving the way for cancer elimination and reversing chemoresistance |
| topic | quercetin chemotherapeutic chemo resistance mechanisms nano scale delivery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/7/1602 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yaseenhussain quercetinanditsnanoscaledeliverysystemsinprostatecancertherapypavingthewayforcancereliminationandreversingchemoresistance AT sepidehmirzaei quercetinanditsnanoscaledeliverysystemsinprostatecancertherapypavingthewayforcancereliminationandreversingchemoresistance AT miladashrafizadeh quercetinanditsnanoscaledeliverysystemsinprostatecancertherapypavingthewayforcancereliminationandreversingchemoresistance AT alizarrabi quercetinanditsnanoscaledeliverysystemsinprostatecancertherapypavingthewayforcancereliminationandreversingchemoresistance AT kiavashhushmandi quercetinanditsnanoscaledeliverysystemsinprostatecancertherapypavingthewayforcancereliminationandreversingchemoresistance AT haroonkhan quercetinanditsnanoscaledeliverysystemsinprostatecancertherapypavingthewayforcancereliminationandreversingchemoresistance AT mariadaglia quercetinanditsnanoscaledeliverysystemsinprostatecancertherapypavingthewayforcancereliminationandreversingchemoresistance |