Effect of Lipid-Encapsulated Acacia Tannin Extract on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Methane Emission in Sheep
Tannins have become important phytochemicals in ruminant production, due to their wide range of biological activities. The use of a crude extract often comes with limitations, such as reduced feed intake and fibre digestibility, which could be overcome by the use of encapsulated tannin extract. In t...
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/11/863 |
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| author | Festus Adeyemi Adejoro Abubeker Hassen Abiodun Mayowa Akanmu |
| author_facet | Festus Adeyemi Adejoro Abubeker Hassen Abiodun Mayowa Akanmu |
| author_sort | Festus Adeyemi Adejoro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tannins have become important phytochemicals in ruminant production, due to their wide range of biological activities. The use of a crude extract often comes with limitations, such as reduced feed intake and fibre digestibility, which could be overcome by the use of encapsulated tannin extract. In this study, four rumen-cannulated Merino wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to determine the effect of encapsulating <i>Acacia mearnsii</i> tannin extract on intake, nutrient digestibility, and methane emission. The animals were placed on one of the following diets: control diet only, diet + silvafeed (Silvafeed ByPro, 10 g/kg feed), diet + <i>Acacia</i> tannin extract (ATE), 40 g/kg feed), and, diet + lipid-encapsulated-ATE (palm oil encapsulated ATE, 50 g/kg feed) in 4 cycles. Wethers were offered an Eragrotis and Lucerne hay-based total mixed ration diet above maintenance requirement with forage: concentrate ratio 50:50. Silvafeed, a commercial tannin additive, was used as a positive control. Nutrient intake was not different across the treatments, but nutrient digestibility was affected by dietary additives (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared to the control, and unlike the crude extract, encapsulated-ATE and silvafeed did not reduce dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fibre digestibility. While the overall N-retention and total N-excretion (g/d) were not affected by dietary additives, ATE and encapsulated-ATE diets reduced urine-N excretion (g/d) and only a slight reduction was observed in silvafeed diet. The faecal-N proportion was highest in the ATE diet (388 g/kg N-intake), followed by encapsulated-ATE (317 g/kg), and silvafeed (267 g/kg), with the control diet having the lowest proportion (230 g/kg). The acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio reduced as a result of the inclusion of dietary additives with crude ATE and silvafeed having lower A:P ratio compared to the control diet. Methane production expressed in g/kg dry matter (DM) intake was reduced by 12%, 30% and 19% in the silvafeed, crude ATE and encapsulated-ATE diets, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The reduced methane production with higher neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility in the encapsulated-ATE, compared to the crude-ATE, confirms that encapsulated-tannin can be used as an additive in ruminant diets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T13:37:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac82dd99c23c4f4ea63307d592819e1b |
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| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T13:37:49Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ac82dd99c23c4f4ea63307d592819e1b2022-12-21T20:19:08ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152019-10-0191186310.3390/ani9110863ani9110863Effect of Lipid-Encapsulated Acacia Tannin Extract on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Methane Emission in SheepFestus Adeyemi Adejoro0Abubeker Hassen1Abiodun Mayowa Akanmu2Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South AfricaDepartment of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South AfricaDepartment of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South AfricaTannins have become important phytochemicals in ruminant production, due to their wide range of biological activities. The use of a crude extract often comes with limitations, such as reduced feed intake and fibre digestibility, which could be overcome by the use of encapsulated tannin extract. In this study, four rumen-cannulated Merino wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to determine the effect of encapsulating <i>Acacia mearnsii</i> tannin extract on intake, nutrient digestibility, and methane emission. The animals were placed on one of the following diets: control diet only, diet + silvafeed (Silvafeed ByPro, 10 g/kg feed), diet + <i>Acacia</i> tannin extract (ATE), 40 g/kg feed), and, diet + lipid-encapsulated-ATE (palm oil encapsulated ATE, 50 g/kg feed) in 4 cycles. Wethers were offered an Eragrotis and Lucerne hay-based total mixed ration diet above maintenance requirement with forage: concentrate ratio 50:50. Silvafeed, a commercial tannin additive, was used as a positive control. Nutrient intake was not different across the treatments, but nutrient digestibility was affected by dietary additives (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared to the control, and unlike the crude extract, encapsulated-ATE and silvafeed did not reduce dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fibre digestibility. While the overall N-retention and total N-excretion (g/d) were not affected by dietary additives, ATE and encapsulated-ATE diets reduced urine-N excretion (g/d) and only a slight reduction was observed in silvafeed diet. The faecal-N proportion was highest in the ATE diet (388 g/kg N-intake), followed by encapsulated-ATE (317 g/kg), and silvafeed (267 g/kg), with the control diet having the lowest proportion (230 g/kg). The acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio reduced as a result of the inclusion of dietary additives with crude ATE and silvafeed having lower A:P ratio compared to the control diet. Methane production expressed in g/kg dry matter (DM) intake was reduced by 12%, 30% and 19% in the silvafeed, crude ATE and encapsulated-ATE diets, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The reduced methane production with higher neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility in the encapsulated-ATE, compared to the crude-ATE, confirms that encapsulated-tannin can be used as an additive in ruminant diets.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/11/863acacialipid-encapsulated tanninmethane emissionnitrogen balancenutrient digestibility |
| spellingShingle | Festus Adeyemi Adejoro Abubeker Hassen Abiodun Mayowa Akanmu Effect of Lipid-Encapsulated Acacia Tannin Extract on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Methane Emission in Sheep Animals acacia lipid-encapsulated tannin methane emission nitrogen balance nutrient digestibility |
| title | Effect of Lipid-Encapsulated Acacia Tannin Extract on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Methane Emission in Sheep |
| title_full | Effect of Lipid-Encapsulated Acacia Tannin Extract on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Methane Emission in Sheep |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Lipid-Encapsulated Acacia Tannin Extract on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Methane Emission in Sheep |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Lipid-Encapsulated Acacia Tannin Extract on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Methane Emission in Sheep |
| title_short | Effect of Lipid-Encapsulated Acacia Tannin Extract on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Methane Emission in Sheep |
| title_sort | effect of lipid encapsulated acacia tannin extract on feed intake nutrient digestibility and methane emission in sheep |
| topic | acacia lipid-encapsulated tannin methane emission nitrogen balance nutrient digestibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/11/863 |
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