Piglets' acute responses to procaine-based local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of two volumes of anesthetic
Surgical castration of piglets is painful, but practiced routinely in commercial pig production. Procaine-based local anesthetics are used to mitigate piglet pain during castration in some countries. Yet, effects of the volume of anesthetic injected remain under-studied. The volume of drug administe...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pain Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpain.2022.943138/full |
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| author | Mathilde Coutant Jens Malmkvist Marianne Kaiser Leslie Foldager Leslie Foldager Mette S. Herskin |
| author_facet | Mathilde Coutant Jens Malmkvist Marianne Kaiser Leslie Foldager Leslie Foldager Mette S. Herskin |
| author_sort | Mathilde Coutant |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surgical castration of piglets is painful, but practiced routinely in commercial pig production. Procaine-based local anesthetics are used to mitigate piglet pain during castration in some countries. Yet, effects of the volume of anesthetic injected remain under-studied. The volume of drug administered may modulate the pain mitigating effect via variation in intra-testicular pressure at injection, potentially leading to pain or discomfort, as well as variation in the dose of active ingredient administered. The present study investigated the effects of injection with two volumes of a procaine-based local anesthetic, 0.3 vs. 0.5 mL per testis, on acute responses of 3–4 day old piglets. A total of 290 piglets were divided into 5 treatment groups: castration without anesthesia, castration after intra-testicular injection of 0.5 or 0.3 mL of drug per testis, and sham handling with one or two stays in a castration bench. Acute responses to drug injection, castration and sham handling were evaluated based on quantification of intra-procedural vocalizations and foreleg movements, as well as saliva cortisol concentrations before and after castration. Regardless of the volume, injection of anesthetic as well as castration led to significantly stronger responses than sham handling. Responses to the two drug volumes did not differ significantly, and responses to castration following injection of 0.3 mL did not differ from piglets castrated without anesthesia. All treatments, including sham handling, led to a significant increase in saliva cortisol, and no difference was found between anesthesia treatments and sham handling. Overall, the results suggested that injection of 0.5 mL led to better pain mitigation at castration compared to injection of 0.3 mL, but even when the local anesthetic was used, the combined procedures of injection and castration led to intra-procedural signs of pain and stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:06:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac8f34d2bb3641ad9a500cbe83747b77 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-561X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:06:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pain Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac8f34d2bb3641ad9a500cbe83747b772022-12-22T02:33:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pain Research2673-561X2022-08-01310.3389/fpain.2022.943138943138Piglets' acute responses to procaine-based local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of two volumes of anestheticMathilde Coutant0Jens Malmkvist1Marianne Kaiser2Leslie Foldager3Leslie Foldager4Mette S. Herskin5Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, DenmarkDepartment of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, DenmarkDepartment of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, DenmarkDepartment of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, DenmarkBioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, DenmarkSurgical castration of piglets is painful, but practiced routinely in commercial pig production. Procaine-based local anesthetics are used to mitigate piglet pain during castration in some countries. Yet, effects of the volume of anesthetic injected remain under-studied. The volume of drug administered may modulate the pain mitigating effect via variation in intra-testicular pressure at injection, potentially leading to pain or discomfort, as well as variation in the dose of active ingredient administered. The present study investigated the effects of injection with two volumes of a procaine-based local anesthetic, 0.3 vs. 0.5 mL per testis, on acute responses of 3–4 day old piglets. A total of 290 piglets were divided into 5 treatment groups: castration without anesthesia, castration after intra-testicular injection of 0.5 or 0.3 mL of drug per testis, and sham handling with one or two stays in a castration bench. Acute responses to drug injection, castration and sham handling were evaluated based on quantification of intra-procedural vocalizations and foreleg movements, as well as saliva cortisol concentrations before and after castration. Regardless of the volume, injection of anesthetic as well as castration led to significantly stronger responses than sham handling. Responses to the two drug volumes did not differ significantly, and responses to castration following injection of 0.3 mL did not differ from piglets castrated without anesthesia. All treatments, including sham handling, led to a significant increase in saliva cortisol, and no difference was found between anesthesia treatments and sham handling. Overall, the results suggested that injection of 0.5 mL led to better pain mitigation at castration compared to injection of 0.3 mL, but even when the local anesthetic was used, the combined procedures of injection and castration led to intra-procedural signs of pain and stress.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpain.2022.943138/fulllocal anesthesiacastrationpigpainacute responses |
| spellingShingle | Mathilde Coutant Jens Malmkvist Marianne Kaiser Leslie Foldager Leslie Foldager Mette S. Herskin Piglets' acute responses to procaine-based local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of two volumes of anesthetic Frontiers in Pain Research local anesthesia castration pig pain acute responses |
| title | Piglets' acute responses to procaine-based local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of two volumes of anesthetic |
| title_full | Piglets' acute responses to procaine-based local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of two volumes of anesthetic |
| title_fullStr | Piglets' acute responses to procaine-based local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of two volumes of anesthetic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Piglets' acute responses to procaine-based local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of two volumes of anesthetic |
| title_short | Piglets' acute responses to procaine-based local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of two volumes of anesthetic |
| title_sort | piglets acute responses to procaine based local anesthetic injection and surgical castration effects of two volumes of anesthetic |
| topic | local anesthesia castration pig pain acute responses |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpain.2022.943138/full |
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