The First Evidence of Gibberellic Acid’s Ability to Modulate Target Species’ Sensitivity to Honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) Allelochemicals
Invasive species employ competitive strategies such as releasing allelopathic chemicals into the environment that negatively impact native species. Decomposing Amur honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) leaves leach various allelopathic phenolics into the soil, decreasing the vigor of se...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/5/1014 |
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| author | Csengele Éva Barta Brian Colby Jenkins Devon Shay Lindstrom Alyka Kay Zahnd Gyöngyi Székely |
| author_facet | Csengele Éva Barta Brian Colby Jenkins Devon Shay Lindstrom Alyka Kay Zahnd Gyöngyi Székely |
| author_sort | Csengele Éva Barta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Invasive species employ competitive strategies such as releasing allelopathic chemicals into the environment that negatively impact native species. Decomposing Amur honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) leaves leach various allelopathic phenolics into the soil, decreasing the vigor of several native species. Notable differences in the net negative impacts of <i>L. maackii</i> metabolites on target species were argued to depend on soil properties, the microbiome, the proximity to the allelochemical source, the allelochemical concentration, or environmental conditions. This study is the first to address the role of target species’ metabolic properties in determining their net sensitivity to allelopathic inhibition by <i>L. maackii</i>. Gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) is a critical regulator of seed germination and early development. We hypothesized that GA<sub>3</sub> levels might affect the target sensitivity to allelopathic inhibitors and evaluated differences in the response of a standard (control, <i>Rbr</i>), a GA<sub>3</sub>-overproducing (<i>ein</i>), and a GA<sub>3</sub>-deficient (<i>ros</i>) <i>Brassica rapa</i> variety to <i>L. maackii</i> allelochemicals. Our results demonstrate that high GA<sub>3</sub> concentrations substantially alleviate the inhibitory effects of <i>L. maackii</i> allelochemicals. A better understanding of the importance of target species’ metabolic properties in their responses to allelochemicals will contribute to developing novel invasive species control and biodiversity conservation protocols and may contribute to applications in agriculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:14:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac97cdbc2dbd4ebc8b9c0041adbde959 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:14:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac97cdbc2dbd4ebc8b9c0041adbde9592023-11-17T08:22:57ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-02-01125101410.3390/plants12051014The First Evidence of Gibberellic Acid’s Ability to Modulate Target Species’ Sensitivity to Honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) AllelochemicalsCsengele Éva Barta0Brian Colby Jenkins1Devon Shay Lindstrom2Alyka Kay Zahnd3Gyöngyi Székely4Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USADepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USADepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USADepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USAHungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaInvasive species employ competitive strategies such as releasing allelopathic chemicals into the environment that negatively impact native species. Decomposing Amur honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) leaves leach various allelopathic phenolics into the soil, decreasing the vigor of several native species. Notable differences in the net negative impacts of <i>L. maackii</i> metabolites on target species were argued to depend on soil properties, the microbiome, the proximity to the allelochemical source, the allelochemical concentration, or environmental conditions. This study is the first to address the role of target species’ metabolic properties in determining their net sensitivity to allelopathic inhibition by <i>L. maackii</i>. Gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) is a critical regulator of seed germination and early development. We hypothesized that GA<sub>3</sub> levels might affect the target sensitivity to allelopathic inhibitors and evaluated differences in the response of a standard (control, <i>Rbr</i>), a GA<sub>3</sub>-overproducing (<i>ein</i>), and a GA<sub>3</sub>-deficient (<i>ros</i>) <i>Brassica rapa</i> variety to <i>L. maackii</i> allelochemicals. Our results demonstrate that high GA<sub>3</sub> concentrations substantially alleviate the inhibitory effects of <i>L. maackii</i> allelochemicals. A better understanding of the importance of target species’ metabolic properties in their responses to allelochemicals will contribute to developing novel invasive species control and biodiversity conservation protocols and may contribute to applications in agriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/5/1014invasive plant speciesallelopathyphenolicsapigeninluteolinphytohormones |
| spellingShingle | Csengele Éva Barta Brian Colby Jenkins Devon Shay Lindstrom Alyka Kay Zahnd Gyöngyi Székely The First Evidence of Gibberellic Acid’s Ability to Modulate Target Species’ Sensitivity to Honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) Allelochemicals Plants invasive plant species allelopathy phenolics apigenin luteolin phytohormones |
| title | The First Evidence of Gibberellic Acid’s Ability to Modulate Target Species’ Sensitivity to Honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) Allelochemicals |
| title_full | The First Evidence of Gibberellic Acid’s Ability to Modulate Target Species’ Sensitivity to Honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) Allelochemicals |
| title_fullStr | The First Evidence of Gibberellic Acid’s Ability to Modulate Target Species’ Sensitivity to Honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) Allelochemicals |
| title_full_unstemmed | The First Evidence of Gibberellic Acid’s Ability to Modulate Target Species’ Sensitivity to Honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) Allelochemicals |
| title_short | The First Evidence of Gibberellic Acid’s Ability to Modulate Target Species’ Sensitivity to Honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) Allelochemicals |
| title_sort | first evidence of gibberellic acid s ability to modulate target species sensitivity to honeysuckle i lonicera maackii i allelochemicals |
| topic | invasive plant species allelopathy phenolics apigenin luteolin phytohormones |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/5/1014 |
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