<i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Transcriptomics for Assessing the Mechanism of Action of High-Power Ultrasound
An investigation into the mechanisms of action on bacteria involving exposure to stress factors was conducted in this study. The effects of ultrasound on <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 MG1655 and its isogenic mutant, ∆<i>gadW</i>, under high power ultrasound treatments (26 kHz)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2768 |
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| author | David Spiteri Sholeem Griffin Kimon Andreas Karatzas Christian Scerri Vasilis P. Valdramidis |
| author_facet | David Spiteri Sholeem Griffin Kimon Andreas Karatzas Christian Scerri Vasilis P. Valdramidis |
| author_sort | David Spiteri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An investigation into the mechanisms of action on bacteria involving exposure to stress factors was conducted in this study. The effects of ultrasound on <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 MG1655 and its isogenic mutant, ∆<i>gadW</i>, under high power ultrasound treatments (26 kHz) were screened and identified by analysing their transcriptome differences between primary and secondary sequential treatments using RNA-Seq. This also helped to assess any developed protection for cells between different generations. According to our results, 1825 genes of all tested conditions were expressed, playing different roles in the cell. The expression of these genes is associated with DNA damage, cell membrane integrity, and also metabolic effects. The studied strains also showed different differential expressed genes (DEGs), with some genes being directly responsible for defence mechanisms, while others play an indirect effect due to cell damage. A gradual decrease in the expression of the genes, as we moved from just one cycle of ultrasound treatment to sequential treatment, was evident from a heat map analysis of the results. Overall, <i>E. coli</i> K-12 builds a self-protection mechanism by increasing the expression of genes involved in the respiration for increased growth, and production of flagellum and pili. It can be concluded that high power ultrasound is a technology that triggers several different defence mechanisms which directly link to <i>E. coli</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:35:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac9b0dc57ba340b1849cd73820ab1ff7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:35:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac9b0dc57ba340b1849cd73820ab1ff72023-11-24T14:57:12ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-11-011111276810.3390/microorganisms11112768<i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Transcriptomics for Assessing the Mechanism of Action of High-Power UltrasoundDavid Spiteri0Sholeem Griffin1Kimon Andreas Karatzas2Christian Scerri3Vasilis P. Valdramidis4Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, MaltaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, MaltaDepartment of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UKCentre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, MaltaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, MaltaAn investigation into the mechanisms of action on bacteria involving exposure to stress factors was conducted in this study. The effects of ultrasound on <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 MG1655 and its isogenic mutant, ∆<i>gadW</i>, under high power ultrasound treatments (26 kHz) were screened and identified by analysing their transcriptome differences between primary and secondary sequential treatments using RNA-Seq. This also helped to assess any developed protection for cells between different generations. According to our results, 1825 genes of all tested conditions were expressed, playing different roles in the cell. The expression of these genes is associated with DNA damage, cell membrane integrity, and also metabolic effects. The studied strains also showed different differential expressed genes (DEGs), with some genes being directly responsible for defence mechanisms, while others play an indirect effect due to cell damage. A gradual decrease in the expression of the genes, as we moved from just one cycle of ultrasound treatment to sequential treatment, was evident from a heat map analysis of the results. Overall, <i>E. coli</i> K-12 builds a self-protection mechanism by increasing the expression of genes involved in the respiration for increased growth, and production of flagellum and pili. It can be concluded that high power ultrasound is a technology that triggers several different defence mechanisms which directly link to <i>E. coli</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2768ultrasoundsonochemistry<i>E. coli</i> K-12 mutants<i>GadW</i>RNA-Seqtranscriptomics |
| spellingShingle | David Spiteri Sholeem Griffin Kimon Andreas Karatzas Christian Scerri Vasilis P. Valdramidis <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Transcriptomics for Assessing the Mechanism of Action of High-Power Ultrasound Microorganisms ultrasound sonochemistry <i>E. coli</i> K-12 mutants <i>GadW</i> RNA-Seq transcriptomics |
| title | <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Transcriptomics for Assessing the Mechanism of Action of High-Power Ultrasound |
| title_full | <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Transcriptomics for Assessing the Mechanism of Action of High-Power Ultrasound |
| title_fullStr | <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Transcriptomics for Assessing the Mechanism of Action of High-Power Ultrasound |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Transcriptomics for Assessing the Mechanism of Action of High-Power Ultrasound |
| title_short | <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Transcriptomics for Assessing the Mechanism of Action of High-Power Ultrasound |
| title_sort | i escherichia coli i k 12 transcriptomics for assessing the mechanism of action of high power ultrasound |
| topic | ultrasound sonochemistry <i>E. coli</i> K-12 mutants <i>GadW</i> RNA-Seq transcriptomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2768 |
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