Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species
Vertebrate movement is orchestrated by spinal inter- and motor neurons that, together with sensory and cognitive input, produce dynamic motor behaviors. These behaviors vary from the simple undulatory swimming of fish and larval aquatic species to the highly coordinated running, reaching and graspin...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449/full |
| _version_ | 1797839132635955200 |
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| author | Alexia C. Wilson Lora B. Sweeney |
| author_facet | Alexia C. Wilson Lora B. Sweeney |
| author_sort | Alexia C. Wilson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vertebrate movement is orchestrated by spinal inter- and motor neurons that, together with sensory and cognitive input, produce dynamic motor behaviors. These behaviors vary from the simple undulatory swimming of fish and larval aquatic species to the highly coordinated running, reaching and grasping of mice, humans and other mammals. This variation raises the fundamental question of how spinal circuits have changed in register with motor behavior. In simple, undulatory fish, exemplified by the lamprey, two broad classes of interneurons shape motor neuron output: ipsilateral-projecting excitatory neurons, and commissural-projecting inhibitory neurons. An additional class of ipsilateral inhibitory neurons is required to generate escape swim behavior in larval zebrafish and tadpoles. In limbed vertebrates, a more complex spinal neuron composition is observed. In this review, we provide evidence that movement elaboration correlates with an increase and specialization of these three basic interneuron types into molecularly, anatomically, and functionally distinct subpopulations. We summarize recent work linking neuron types to movement-pattern generation across fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:53:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac9c9bb577cc4e43b00928514c3f2411 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:53:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac9c9bb577cc4e43b00928514c3f24112023-04-26T04:59:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102023-04-011710.3389/fncir.2023.11464491146449Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across speciesAlexia C. WilsonLora B. SweeneyVertebrate movement is orchestrated by spinal inter- and motor neurons that, together with sensory and cognitive input, produce dynamic motor behaviors. These behaviors vary from the simple undulatory swimming of fish and larval aquatic species to the highly coordinated running, reaching and grasping of mice, humans and other mammals. This variation raises the fundamental question of how spinal circuits have changed in register with motor behavior. In simple, undulatory fish, exemplified by the lamprey, two broad classes of interneurons shape motor neuron output: ipsilateral-projecting excitatory neurons, and commissural-projecting inhibitory neurons. An additional class of ipsilateral inhibitory neurons is required to generate escape swim behavior in larval zebrafish and tadpoles. In limbed vertebrates, a more complex spinal neuron composition is observed. In this review, we provide evidence that movement elaboration correlates with an increase and specialization of these three basic interneuron types into molecularly, anatomically, and functionally distinct subpopulations. We summarize recent work linking neuron types to movement-pattern generation across fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449/fullspinal cordinterneuronmotor controlvertebrate evolutionmovementcross-species comparison |
| spellingShingle | Alexia C. Wilson Lora B. Sweeney Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species Frontiers in Neural Circuits spinal cord interneuron motor control vertebrate evolution movement cross-species comparison |
| title | Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species |
| title_full | Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species |
| title_fullStr | Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species |
| title_short | Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species |
| title_sort | spinal cords symphonies of interneurons across species |
| topic | spinal cord interneuron motor control vertebrate evolution movement cross-species comparison |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexiacwilson spinalcordssymphoniesofinterneuronsacrossspecies AT lorabsweeney spinalcordssymphoniesofinterneuronsacrossspecies |