Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype: A Key Factor in Determining “Pediatric” Frailty
Frailty (FI) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are each associated with adverse health outcomes. A relationship between FI and MS has previously been described in adults. We considered the prevalence of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype (MUP) in malnourished children with neurological impairment and in...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Pediatric Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7503/13/3/42 |
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| author | Valeria Calcaterra Hellas Cena Annamaria Ruggieri Gianvincenzo Zuccotti Annalisa De Silvestri Gianni Bonalumi Gloria Pelizzo |
| author_facet | Valeria Calcaterra Hellas Cena Annamaria Ruggieri Gianvincenzo Zuccotti Annalisa De Silvestri Gianni Bonalumi Gloria Pelizzo |
| author_sort | Valeria Calcaterra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Frailty (FI) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are each associated with adverse health outcomes. A relationship between FI and MS has previously been described in adults. We considered the prevalence of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype (MUP) in malnourished children with neurological impairment and in subjects with obesity in comparison to a group of elderly individuals at risk of FI, and we did so in order to define the potential similarities that may underline the risk of FI in specific children. We considered 50 undernourished (defined as having a body mass index of BMI ≤ 2, standard deviation score, SDS, according to World Health Organization) disabled children; 50 children with obesity (BMI ≥ 2 SDS); 50 children who were a normal weight (−1 SDS ≤ BMI ≤ +1 SDS); 21 patients who were >75 years old. MUP was defined as the presence of at least one of the following risk factors: hypertension, hyperglycemia or diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. In children with a disability and obesity, a higher prevalence (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and risk (disability OR 54.88, obesity OR 13.37) of MUP was noted compared to children of a normal weight. Compared to elderly patients, the prevalence of MUP did not differ in disabled children. On the contrary, MUP was lower in children with obesity (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and in pediatric subjects of a normal weight (<i>p</i> < 0.01). MS might play a key role in “pediatric” frailty. The extremities of the aging process and malnutrition are likely key factors in the development of FI. A multidisciplinary approach to FI may represent an important milestone for pediatric care. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:19:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac9dd69a4e7b4d63b205d288adbbc053 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2036-7503 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:19:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pediatric Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac9dd69a4e7b4d63b205d288adbbc0532023-11-22T14:43:43ZengMDPI AGPediatric Reports2036-75032021-07-0113334034610.3390/pediatric13030042Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype: A Key Factor in Determining “Pediatric” FrailtyValeria Calcaterra0Hellas Cena1Annamaria Ruggieri2Gianvincenzo Zuccotti3Annalisa De Silvestri4Gianni Bonalumi5Gloria Pelizzo6Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyLaboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyVascular Surgery Unit, Istituto di Cura Città di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyPediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, ItalyClinical Epidemiology & Biometry, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, ItalyVascular Surgery Unit, Istituto di Cura Città di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyClinical Epidemiology & Biometry, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, ItalyFrailty (FI) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are each associated with adverse health outcomes. A relationship between FI and MS has previously been described in adults. We considered the prevalence of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype (MUP) in malnourished children with neurological impairment and in subjects with obesity in comparison to a group of elderly individuals at risk of FI, and we did so in order to define the potential similarities that may underline the risk of FI in specific children. We considered 50 undernourished (defined as having a body mass index of BMI ≤ 2, standard deviation score, SDS, according to World Health Organization) disabled children; 50 children with obesity (BMI ≥ 2 SDS); 50 children who were a normal weight (−1 SDS ≤ BMI ≤ +1 SDS); 21 patients who were >75 years old. MUP was defined as the presence of at least one of the following risk factors: hypertension, hyperglycemia or diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. In children with a disability and obesity, a higher prevalence (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and risk (disability OR 54.88, obesity OR 13.37) of MUP was noted compared to children of a normal weight. Compared to elderly patients, the prevalence of MUP did not differ in disabled children. On the contrary, MUP was lower in children with obesity (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and in pediatric subjects of a normal weight (<i>p</i> < 0.01). MS might play a key role in “pediatric” frailty. The extremities of the aging process and malnutrition are likely key factors in the development of FI. A multidisciplinary approach to FI may represent an important milestone for pediatric care.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7503/13/3/42frailtymetabolic syndromeobesityundernutritionchildrenage |
| spellingShingle | Valeria Calcaterra Hellas Cena Annamaria Ruggieri Gianvincenzo Zuccotti Annalisa De Silvestri Gianni Bonalumi Gloria Pelizzo Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype: A Key Factor in Determining “Pediatric” Frailty Pediatric Reports frailty metabolic syndrome obesity undernutrition children age |
| title | Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype: A Key Factor in Determining “Pediatric” Frailty |
| title_full | Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype: A Key Factor in Determining “Pediatric” Frailty |
| title_fullStr | Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype: A Key Factor in Determining “Pediatric” Frailty |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype: A Key Factor in Determining “Pediatric” Frailty |
| title_short | Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype: A Key Factor in Determining “Pediatric” Frailty |
| title_sort | metabolically unhealthy phenotype a key factor in determining pediatric frailty |
| topic | frailty metabolic syndrome obesity undernutrition children age |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7503/13/3/42 |
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