Paraneoplastic NMDA encephalitis, a case report and an extensive review of available literature
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis is a prevalent autoimmune condition marked by diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms, primarily impacting young females. The exact mechanisms underlying the development of NMDAr encephalitis have not been fully elucidated. Nonetheless, studies have...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Radiology Case Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1930043323009081 |
| _version_ | 1797292982783705088 |
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| author | Hamza Alzghoul, MD Ferdous Kadri, MD Mohamed F. Ismail, MD Robeer Youssef Mustafa Shamaileh, MD Ahmad R. Al-Assi Liliya Adzhieva, MD Bashar Alzghoul, MD |
| author_facet | Hamza Alzghoul, MD Ferdous Kadri, MD Mohamed F. Ismail, MD Robeer Youssef Mustafa Shamaileh, MD Ahmad R. Al-Assi Liliya Adzhieva, MD Bashar Alzghoul, MD |
| author_sort | Hamza Alzghoul, MD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis is a prevalent autoimmune condition marked by diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms, primarily impacting young females. The exact mechanisms underlying the development of NMDAr encephalitis have not been fully elucidated. Nonetheless, studies have demonstrated that auto-antibodies targeting the NR1-NR2 subunits of the NMDAr can trigger receptor dysfunction within the central nervous system, thus giving rise to the associated symptoms. Notably, an association exists between NMDAr encephalitis and an underlying neoplastic condition, with approximately 38% of cases exhibiting this paraneoplastic relationship with ovarian teratomas being the most commonly associated malignancy.While the association between NMDAr encephalitis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is exceedingly rare. This case report presents the clinical scenario of a 20-year-old female patient diagnosed with NMDAr encephalitis in conjunction with RCC discovered incidentally on a CT abdomen and pelvis performed to rule out an ovarian teratoma. The presented case underscores the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and treatment of NMDAr encephalitis, particularly when it is linked to an underlying malignancy. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of expanding our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of NMDAr encephalitis to enhance patient care and optimize clinical outcomes. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the existing literature is included, summarizing all reported malignancies associated with NMDAr encephalitis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T20:05:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ac9ef8d4fab24d7b9bc7bd4c49aed1c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1930-0433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T20:05:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Radiology Case Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-ac9ef8d4fab24d7b9bc7bd4c49aed1c22024-02-28T05:12:57ZengElsevierRadiology Case Reports1930-04332024-04-0119413711385Paraneoplastic NMDA encephalitis, a case report and an extensive review of available literatureHamza Alzghoul, MD0Ferdous Kadri, MD1Mohamed F. Ismail, MD2Robeer Youssef3Mustafa Shamaileh, MD4Ahmad R. Al-Assi5Liliya Adzhieva, MD6Bashar Alzghoul, MD7University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL, USADivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USAUniversity of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL, USAJordan University of Science and Technology College of Medicine, Irbid, JordanSixth of October University College of Medicine, Giza, EgyptThe University of Jordan College of Medicine, Amman, JordanSechenov University, Moscow, RussiaDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Corresponding author.Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis is a prevalent autoimmune condition marked by diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms, primarily impacting young females. The exact mechanisms underlying the development of NMDAr encephalitis have not been fully elucidated. Nonetheless, studies have demonstrated that auto-antibodies targeting the NR1-NR2 subunits of the NMDAr can trigger receptor dysfunction within the central nervous system, thus giving rise to the associated symptoms. Notably, an association exists between NMDAr encephalitis and an underlying neoplastic condition, with approximately 38% of cases exhibiting this paraneoplastic relationship with ovarian teratomas being the most commonly associated malignancy.While the association between NMDAr encephalitis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is exceedingly rare. This case report presents the clinical scenario of a 20-year-old female patient diagnosed with NMDAr encephalitis in conjunction with RCC discovered incidentally on a CT abdomen and pelvis performed to rule out an ovarian teratoma. The presented case underscores the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and treatment of NMDAr encephalitis, particularly when it is linked to an underlying malignancy. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of expanding our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of NMDAr encephalitis to enhance patient care and optimize clinical outcomes. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the existing literature is included, summarizing all reported malignancies associated with NMDAr encephalitis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1930043323009081NMDAr encephalitisParaneoplasticRenal cell carcinomaRCCRadiology |
| spellingShingle | Hamza Alzghoul, MD Ferdous Kadri, MD Mohamed F. Ismail, MD Robeer Youssef Mustafa Shamaileh, MD Ahmad R. Al-Assi Liliya Adzhieva, MD Bashar Alzghoul, MD Paraneoplastic NMDA encephalitis, a case report and an extensive review of available literature Radiology Case Reports NMDAr encephalitis Paraneoplastic Renal cell carcinoma RCC Radiology |
| title | Paraneoplastic NMDA encephalitis, a case report and an extensive review of available literature |
| title_full | Paraneoplastic NMDA encephalitis, a case report and an extensive review of available literature |
| title_fullStr | Paraneoplastic NMDA encephalitis, a case report and an extensive review of available literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paraneoplastic NMDA encephalitis, a case report and an extensive review of available literature |
| title_short | Paraneoplastic NMDA encephalitis, a case report and an extensive review of available literature |
| title_sort | paraneoplastic nmda encephalitis a case report and an extensive review of available literature |
| topic | NMDAr encephalitis Paraneoplastic Renal cell carcinoma RCC Radiology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1930043323009081 |
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