Real-World Vehicle Emission Rate of Particle Size Distributions Based on Measurement of Tunnel Flow Coefficient
This study aims to analyze the seasonal number concentrations corresponding to each particle size derived from the measurements of exhausts from approximately seven million vehicles on real-world using a pair of the scanning mobility particle sizer to determine the vehicle emission rate. The actual...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/2/794 |
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| author | Chaehyeong Park Myoungki Song Gyutae Park Kyunghoon Kim Taehyoung Lee Sanguk Lee Jongtae Lee Min-Suk Bae |
| author_facet | Chaehyeong Park Myoungki Song Gyutae Park Kyunghoon Kim Taehyoung Lee Sanguk Lee Jongtae Lee Min-Suk Bae |
| author_sort | Chaehyeong Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims to analyze the seasonal number concentrations corresponding to each particle size derived from the measurements of exhausts from approximately seven million vehicles on real-world using a pair of the scanning mobility particle sizer to determine the vehicle emission rate. The actual tunnel flow coefficient was investigated for car emission rate based on the measurements of individual physical parameters (i.e., cross section area and length of the tunnel, tunnel wind speed and traffic volume). The mode of particle diameter according to temperatures in respective seasons exhibited a high correlation together with rapid changes at temperature above the breakthrough point. The temperature acted as major cause of determination of final condensation diameter, which is also dependent on diverse environmental effects comprising particle number concentration. The traffic volume of ordinary cars increased by more than twice as much in the period of Asian New Year, the traffic volume of buses/RVs/trucks decreased by more than 25% during weekdays. As a result, the particle number concentration discharged from a unit vehicle was 6.96 × 10<sup>12</sup> N/veh·km during weekdays, and the values of weekends appeared as 6.08 × 10<sup>12</sup> N/veh·km. The overall averaged particle number concentration based on the actual seasonal road measurements shows 5.82 × 10<sup>12</sup> N/veh·km. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:39:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aca14f0d17184d459c1228ceb32e3106 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:39:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-aca14f0d17184d459c1228ceb32e31062023-12-03T13:23:14ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-01-0111279410.3390/app11020794Real-World Vehicle Emission Rate of Particle Size Distributions Based on Measurement of Tunnel Flow CoefficientChaehyeong Park0Myoungki Song1Gyutae Park2Kyunghoon Kim3Taehyoung Lee4Sanguk Lee5Jongtae Lee6Min-Suk Bae7Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Mohyun-eup, Yongin 17035, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Mohyun-eup, Yongin 17035, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Mohyun-eup, Yongin 17035, KoreaTransportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42, Hwangyong-ro, Seogu, Incheon 22689, KoreaTransportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42, Hwangyong-ro, Seogu, Incheon 22689, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, KoreaThis study aims to analyze the seasonal number concentrations corresponding to each particle size derived from the measurements of exhausts from approximately seven million vehicles on real-world using a pair of the scanning mobility particle sizer to determine the vehicle emission rate. The actual tunnel flow coefficient was investigated for car emission rate based on the measurements of individual physical parameters (i.e., cross section area and length of the tunnel, tunnel wind speed and traffic volume). The mode of particle diameter according to temperatures in respective seasons exhibited a high correlation together with rapid changes at temperature above the breakthrough point. The temperature acted as major cause of determination of final condensation diameter, which is also dependent on diverse environmental effects comprising particle number concentration. The traffic volume of ordinary cars increased by more than twice as much in the period of Asian New Year, the traffic volume of buses/RVs/trucks decreased by more than 25% during weekdays. As a result, the particle number concentration discharged from a unit vehicle was 6.96 × 10<sup>12</sup> N/veh·km during weekdays, and the values of weekends appeared as 6.08 × 10<sup>12</sup> N/veh·km. The overall averaged particle number concentration based on the actual seasonal road measurements shows 5.82 × 10<sup>12</sup> N/veh·km.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/2/794SMPSemission ratevehicle emissionnumber concentration |
| spellingShingle | Chaehyeong Park Myoungki Song Gyutae Park Kyunghoon Kim Taehyoung Lee Sanguk Lee Jongtae Lee Min-Suk Bae Real-World Vehicle Emission Rate of Particle Size Distributions Based on Measurement of Tunnel Flow Coefficient Applied Sciences SMPS emission rate vehicle emission number concentration |
| title | Real-World Vehicle Emission Rate of Particle Size Distributions Based on Measurement of Tunnel Flow Coefficient |
| title_full | Real-World Vehicle Emission Rate of Particle Size Distributions Based on Measurement of Tunnel Flow Coefficient |
| title_fullStr | Real-World Vehicle Emission Rate of Particle Size Distributions Based on Measurement of Tunnel Flow Coefficient |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-World Vehicle Emission Rate of Particle Size Distributions Based on Measurement of Tunnel Flow Coefficient |
| title_short | Real-World Vehicle Emission Rate of Particle Size Distributions Based on Measurement of Tunnel Flow Coefficient |
| title_sort | real world vehicle emission rate of particle size distributions based on measurement of tunnel flow coefficient |
| topic | SMPS emission rate vehicle emission number concentration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/2/794 |
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