Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Skin Targeting: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) exhibit high skin targeting efficiency and good safety. They are promising vehicles for topical drug delivery. This study aims to increase the skin distribution of podophyllotoxin (POD) by incorporating it into NLCs. Two kinds of POD-loaded NLCs (POD-NLCs)—POD-NLC...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/11/1549 |
| _version_ | 1818139932818931712 |
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| author | Jihui Zhao Xianghua Piao Xiaoqin Shi Aiyong Si Yongtai Zhang Nianping Feng |
| author_facet | Jihui Zhao Xianghua Piao Xiaoqin Shi Aiyong Si Yongtai Zhang Nianping Feng |
| author_sort | Jihui Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) exhibit high skin targeting efficiency and good safety. They are promising vehicles for topical drug delivery. This study aims to increase the skin distribution of podophyllotoxin (POD) by incorporating it into NLCs. Two kinds of POD-loaded NLCs (POD-NLCs)—POD-NLCformulation 1 and POD-NLCformulation 2—were prepared and characterized. Their skin targeting efficiencies were compared by conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments. Obviously smaller mean particle size was observed for POD-NLCformulation 1 (106 nm) than POD-NLCformulation 2 (219 nm), whereas relatively low POD loadings (less than 0.5%) were observed for both POD-NLCformulation 1 (0.33%) and POD-NLCformulation 2 (0.49%). Significantly higher in vitro and in vivo rat skin deposit amounts of POD (p ˂ 0.01) were detected after the topical application of POD-NLCformulation 1 compared to POD-NLCformulation 2. To visualize the skin distribution behavior of hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) when NLCs were used as carriers, POD was replaced with Nile red (NR—a hydrophobic fluorescent probe), and the distribution behavior of NR-NLCformulation 1 and NR-NLCformulation 2 in rat skin in vivo was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Higher fluorescent intensity was observed in rat skin after the topical application of NR-NLCformulation 1 than NR-NLCformulation 2, suggesting that higher skin targeting efficiency might be obtained when NLCs with smaller mean particle size were used as carriers for hydrophobic APIs. This result was in accordance with those of skin distribution evaluation experiments of POD-NLCs. Skin irritation property of POD-NLCformulation 1 was investigated and no irritation was observed in intact or damaged rabbit skin, suggesting it is safe for topical use. Our results validated the safety of NLCs when applied topically. More importantly, mean particle size might be an important parameter for formulation optimization when NLCs are used as carriers for hydrophobic APIs for topical application, considering that their loading is relatively low. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:35:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-acadbf021385414589c62ba07ee424c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:35:57Z |
| publishDate | 2016-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-acadbf021385414589c62ba07ee424c32022-12-22T01:10:43ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492016-11-012111154910.3390/molecules21111549molecules21111549Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Skin Targeting: In Vitro and In Vivo StudiesJihui Zhao0Xianghua Piao1Xiaoqin Shi2Aiyong Si3Yongtai Zhang4Nianping Feng5School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, ChinaNanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) exhibit high skin targeting efficiency and good safety. They are promising vehicles for topical drug delivery. This study aims to increase the skin distribution of podophyllotoxin (POD) by incorporating it into NLCs. Two kinds of POD-loaded NLCs (POD-NLCs)—POD-NLCformulation 1 and POD-NLCformulation 2—were prepared and characterized. Their skin targeting efficiencies were compared by conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments. Obviously smaller mean particle size was observed for POD-NLCformulation 1 (106 nm) than POD-NLCformulation 2 (219 nm), whereas relatively low POD loadings (less than 0.5%) were observed for both POD-NLCformulation 1 (0.33%) and POD-NLCformulation 2 (0.49%). Significantly higher in vitro and in vivo rat skin deposit amounts of POD (p ˂ 0.01) were detected after the topical application of POD-NLCformulation 1 compared to POD-NLCformulation 2. To visualize the skin distribution behavior of hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) when NLCs were used as carriers, POD was replaced with Nile red (NR—a hydrophobic fluorescent probe), and the distribution behavior of NR-NLCformulation 1 and NR-NLCformulation 2 in rat skin in vivo was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Higher fluorescent intensity was observed in rat skin after the topical application of NR-NLCformulation 1 than NR-NLCformulation 2, suggesting that higher skin targeting efficiency might be obtained when NLCs with smaller mean particle size were used as carriers for hydrophobic APIs. This result was in accordance with those of skin distribution evaluation experiments of POD-NLCs. Skin irritation property of POD-NLCformulation 1 was investigated and no irritation was observed in intact or damaged rabbit skin, suggesting it is safe for topical use. Our results validated the safety of NLCs when applied topically. More importantly, mean particle size might be an important parameter for formulation optimization when NLCs are used as carriers for hydrophobic APIs for topical application, considering that their loading is relatively low.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/11/1549podophyllotoxinnanostructured lipid carriersskin targeting efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Jihui Zhao Xianghua Piao Xiaoqin Shi Aiyong Si Yongtai Zhang Nianping Feng Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Skin Targeting: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Molecules podophyllotoxin nanostructured lipid carriers skin targeting efficiency |
| title | Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Skin Targeting: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_full | Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Skin Targeting: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_fullStr | Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Skin Targeting: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Skin Targeting: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_short | Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Skin Targeting: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_sort | podophyllotoxin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for skin targeting in vitro and in vivo studies |
| topic | podophyllotoxin nanostructured lipid carriers skin targeting efficiency |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/11/1549 |
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