Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts
Despite the reliability of intelligence measures in predicting important life outcomes such as educational achievement and mortality, the exact configuration and neural correlates of cognitive abilities remain poorly understood, especially in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, we sought to elucid...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929319303305 |
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| author | Ivan L. Simpson-Kent Delia Fuhrmann Joe Bathelt Jascha Achterberg Gesa Sophia Borgeest Rogier A. Kievit |
| author_facet | Ivan L. Simpson-Kent Delia Fuhrmann Joe Bathelt Jascha Achterberg Gesa Sophia Borgeest Rogier A. Kievit |
| author_sort | Ivan L. Simpson-Kent |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the reliability of intelligence measures in predicting important life outcomes such as educational achievement and mortality, the exact configuration and neural correlates of cognitive abilities remain poorly understood, especially in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the factorial structure and neural substrates of child and adolescent intelligence using two cross-sectional, developmental samples (CALM: N = 551 (N = 165 imaging), age range: 5–18 years, NKI-Rockland: N = 337 (N = 65 imaging), age range: 6–18 years). In a preregistered analysis, we used structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the neurocognitive architecture of individual differences in childhood and adolescent cognitive ability. In both samples, we found that cognitive ability in lower and typical-ability cohorts is best understood as two separable constructs, crystallized and fluid intelligence, which became more distinct across development, in line with the age differentiation hypothesis. Further analyses revealed that white matter microstructure, most prominently the superior longitudinal fasciculus, was strongly associated with crystallized (gc) and fluid (gf) abilities. Finally, we used SEM trees to demonstrate evidence for developmental reorganization of gc and gf and their white matter substrates such that the relationships among these factors dropped between 7–8 years before increasing around age 10. Together, our results suggest that shortly before puberty marks a pivotal phase of change in the neurocognitive architecture of intelligence. Keywords: Neurocognitive reorganization, Crystallized intelligence, Fluid intelligence, White matter, Structural equation modelling |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:49:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-acb2dbbf9d884d048d79da76d3194716 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1878-9293 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:49:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-acb2dbbf9d884d048d79da76d31947162022-12-21T23:35:00ZengElsevierDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience1878-92932020-02-0141Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohortsIvan L. Simpson-Kent0Delia Fuhrmann1Joe Bathelt2Jascha Achterberg3Gesa Sophia Borgeest4Rogier A. Kievit5MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK; Corresponding author at: 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK.MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UKDutch Autism & ADHD Research Center, Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, NetherlandsMRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UKMRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UKMRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UKDespite the reliability of intelligence measures in predicting important life outcomes such as educational achievement and mortality, the exact configuration and neural correlates of cognitive abilities remain poorly understood, especially in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the factorial structure and neural substrates of child and adolescent intelligence using two cross-sectional, developmental samples (CALM: N = 551 (N = 165 imaging), age range: 5–18 years, NKI-Rockland: N = 337 (N = 65 imaging), age range: 6–18 years). In a preregistered analysis, we used structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the neurocognitive architecture of individual differences in childhood and adolescent cognitive ability. In both samples, we found that cognitive ability in lower and typical-ability cohorts is best understood as two separable constructs, crystallized and fluid intelligence, which became more distinct across development, in line with the age differentiation hypothesis. Further analyses revealed that white matter microstructure, most prominently the superior longitudinal fasciculus, was strongly associated with crystallized (gc) and fluid (gf) abilities. Finally, we used SEM trees to demonstrate evidence for developmental reorganization of gc and gf and their white matter substrates such that the relationships among these factors dropped between 7–8 years before increasing around age 10. Together, our results suggest that shortly before puberty marks a pivotal phase of change in the neurocognitive architecture of intelligence. Keywords: Neurocognitive reorganization, Crystallized intelligence, Fluid intelligence, White matter, Structural equation modellinghttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929319303305 |
| spellingShingle | Ivan L. Simpson-Kent Delia Fuhrmann Joe Bathelt Jascha Achterberg Gesa Sophia Borgeest Rogier A. Kievit Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience |
| title | Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts |
| title_full | Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts |
| title_fullStr | Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts |
| title_short | Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts |
| title_sort | neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age heterogeneous developmental cohorts |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929319303305 |
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