Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome Regulation
The innate immune system represents the host’s first-line defense against pathogens, dead cells or environmental factors. One of the most important inflammatory pathways is represented by the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) protein family. Some NLRs induce the assembly of large caspase-1-a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5758 |
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| author | Giulia Poli Consuelo Fabi Marina Maria Bellet Claudio Costantini Luisa Nunziangeli Luigina Romani Stefano Brancorsini |
| author_facet | Giulia Poli Consuelo Fabi Marina Maria Bellet Claudio Costantini Luisa Nunziangeli Luigina Romani Stefano Brancorsini |
| author_sort | Giulia Poli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The innate immune system represents the host’s first-line defense against pathogens, dead cells or environmental factors. One of the most important inflammatory pathways is represented by the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) protein family. Some NLRs induce the assembly of large caspase-1-activating complexes called inflammasomes. Different types of inflammasomes have been identified that can respond to distinct bacterial, viral or fungal infections; sterile cell damage or other stressors, such as metabolic imbalances. Epigenetic regulation has been recently suggested to provide a complementary mechanism to control inflammasome activity. This regulation can be exerted through at least three main mechanisms, including CpG DNA methylation, histones post-translational modifications and noncoding RNA expression. The repression or promotion of expression of different inflammasomes (NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP3, NLRP4, NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRP12 and AIM2) through epigenetic mechanisms determines the development of pathologies with variable severity. For example, our team recently explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting and modulating the components of the inflammasome as potential biomarkers in bladder cancer and during therapy. This suggests that the epigenetic control of inflammasome-related genes could represent a potential target for further investigations of molecular mechanisms regulating inflammatory pathways. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:37:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-acbb904656674c7b98ef7416d12a04b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:37:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-acbb904656674c7b98ef7416d12a04b92023-11-20T09:48:49ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-08-012116575810.3390/ijms21165758Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome RegulationGiulia Poli0Consuelo Fabi1Marina Maria Bellet2Claudio Costantini3Luisa Nunziangeli4Luigina Romani5Stefano Brancorsini6Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Urology and Andrology Clinic, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, ItalyPolo d’Innovazione di Genomica, Genetica e Biologia, 05100 Terni, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, ItalyThe innate immune system represents the host’s first-line defense against pathogens, dead cells or environmental factors. One of the most important inflammatory pathways is represented by the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) protein family. Some NLRs induce the assembly of large caspase-1-activating complexes called inflammasomes. Different types of inflammasomes have been identified that can respond to distinct bacterial, viral or fungal infections; sterile cell damage or other stressors, such as metabolic imbalances. Epigenetic regulation has been recently suggested to provide a complementary mechanism to control inflammasome activity. This regulation can be exerted through at least three main mechanisms, including CpG DNA methylation, histones post-translational modifications and noncoding RNA expression. The repression or promotion of expression of different inflammasomes (NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP3, NLRP4, NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRP12 and AIM2) through epigenetic mechanisms determines the development of pathologies with variable severity. For example, our team recently explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting and modulating the components of the inflammasome as potential biomarkers in bladder cancer and during therapy. This suggests that the epigenetic control of inflammasome-related genes could represent a potential target for further investigations of molecular mechanisms regulating inflammatory pathways.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5758inflammasomemicroRNAepigenetic modifications |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Poli Consuelo Fabi Marina Maria Bellet Claudio Costantini Luisa Nunziangeli Luigina Romani Stefano Brancorsini Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome Regulation International Journal of Molecular Sciences inflammasome microRNA epigenetic modifications |
| title | Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome Regulation |
| title_full | Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome Regulation |
| title_fullStr | Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome Regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome Regulation |
| title_short | Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome Regulation |
| title_sort | epigenetic mechanisms of inflammasome regulation |
| topic | inflammasome microRNA epigenetic modifications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5758 |
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