Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Wheat Yield: Non-Linear Response and Relation to Site Productivity
Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO<sub>2</sub>) is well known to stimulate plant photosynthesis and growth. Elevated carbon dioxide’s effects on crop yields are of particular interest due to concerns for future food security. We compiled experimental data where field-grown wheat (<...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/5/243 |
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| author | Malin C. Broberg Petra Högy Zhaozhong Feng Håkan Pleijel |
| author_facet | Malin C. Broberg Petra Högy Zhaozhong Feng Håkan Pleijel |
| author_sort | Malin C. Broberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO<sub>2</sub>) is well known to stimulate plant photosynthesis and growth. Elevated carbon dioxide’s effects on crop yields are of particular interest due to concerns for future food security. We compiled experimental data where field-grown wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> Linnaeus) was exposed to different CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Yield and yield components were analyzed by meta-analysis to estimate average effects, and response functions derived to assess effect size in relation to CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Grain yield increased by 26% under eCO<sub>2</sub> (average ambient concentration of 372 ppm and elevated 605 ppm), mainly due to the increase in grain number. The response function for grain yield with CO<sub>2</sub> concentration strongly suggests a non-linear response, where yield stimulation levels off at ~600 ppm. This was supported by the meta-analysis, which did not indicate any significant difference in yield stimulation in wheat grown at 456–600 ppm compared to 601–750 ppm. Yield response to eCO<sub>2</sub> was independent of fumigation technique and rooting environment, but clearly related to site productivity, where relative CO<sub>2</sub> yield stimulation was stronger in low productive systems. The non-linear yield response, saturating at a relatively modest elevation of CO<sub>2</sub>, was of large importance for crop modelling and assessments of future food production under rising CO<sub>2</sub>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:34:01Z |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:34:01Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-acc0faeb871641e0881c5eb334ff37df2022-12-21T22:05:11ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952019-05-019524310.3390/agronomy9050243agronomy9050243Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Wheat Yield: Non-Linear Response and Relation to Site ProductivityMalin C. Broberg0Petra Högy1Zhaozhong Feng2Håkan Pleijel3Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, SwedenInstitute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Ökologiezentrum 2, August-von-Hartmann Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, GermanyCollaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, SwedenElevated carbon dioxide (eCO<sub>2</sub>) is well known to stimulate plant photosynthesis and growth. Elevated carbon dioxide’s effects on crop yields are of particular interest due to concerns for future food security. We compiled experimental data where field-grown wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> Linnaeus) was exposed to different CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Yield and yield components were analyzed by meta-analysis to estimate average effects, and response functions derived to assess effect size in relation to CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Grain yield increased by 26% under eCO<sub>2</sub> (average ambient concentration of 372 ppm and elevated 605 ppm), mainly due to the increase in grain number. The response function for grain yield with CO<sub>2</sub> concentration strongly suggests a non-linear response, where yield stimulation levels off at ~600 ppm. This was supported by the meta-analysis, which did not indicate any significant difference in yield stimulation in wheat grown at 456–600 ppm compared to 601–750 ppm. Yield response to eCO<sub>2</sub> was independent of fumigation technique and rooting environment, but clearly related to site productivity, where relative CO<sub>2</sub> yield stimulation was stronger in low productive systems. The non-linear yield response, saturating at a relatively modest elevation of CO<sub>2</sub>, was of large importance for crop modelling and assessments of future food production under rising CO<sub>2</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/5/243carbon dioxideexposure systemharvest indexgrain massgrain numbergrain yieldmeta-analysisresponse functionsite productivityspecific grain mass<i>Triticum aestivum</i> |
| spellingShingle | Malin C. Broberg Petra Högy Zhaozhong Feng Håkan Pleijel Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Wheat Yield: Non-Linear Response and Relation to Site Productivity Agronomy carbon dioxide exposure system harvest index grain mass grain number grain yield meta-analysis response function site productivity specific grain mass <i>Triticum aestivum</i> |
| title | Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Wheat Yield: Non-Linear Response and Relation to Site Productivity |
| title_full | Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Wheat Yield: Non-Linear Response and Relation to Site Productivity |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Wheat Yield: Non-Linear Response and Relation to Site Productivity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Wheat Yield: Non-Linear Response and Relation to Site Productivity |
| title_short | Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Wheat Yield: Non-Linear Response and Relation to Site Productivity |
| title_sort | effects of elevated co sub 2 sub on wheat yield non linear response and relation to site productivity |
| topic | carbon dioxide exposure system harvest index grain mass grain number grain yield meta-analysis response function site productivity specific grain mass <i>Triticum aestivum</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/5/243 |
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