Long-Term Traditional Fertilization Alters Tea Garden Soil Properties and Tea Leaf Quality in Bangladesh
Soil acidity is one of the major soil-degradation events throughout the world, and the long-term application of nitrogenous fertilizers is thought to be a main cause of soil acidity. In the present experiment, we collected soil and tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) leaf samples from five...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2128 |
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| author | Israt Jahan Jannat Shopan Md. Masudur Rahman Animesh Sarkar Md. Abdul Baset Zheng Zhang Xin Li Golam Jalal Ahammed Md. Kamrul Hasan |
| author_facet | Israt Jahan Jannat Shopan Md. Masudur Rahman Animesh Sarkar Md. Abdul Baset Zheng Zhang Xin Li Golam Jalal Ahammed Md. Kamrul Hasan |
| author_sort | Israt Jahan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil acidity is one of the major soil-degradation events throughout the world, and the long-term application of nitrogenous fertilizers is thought to be a main cause of soil acidity. In the present experiment, we collected soil and tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) leaf samples from five representative tea gardens in Bangladesh and evaluated soil nutrient pools and biochemical properties of tea leaves. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between soil pH and the amount of applied nitrogenous fertilizers. Moreover, continuous application of traditional fertilizers over twenty-five years promoted not only the deficiency of phosphorus (P) and mineral-based cations, such as potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), and magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), but also increased manganese (Mn<sup>2+</sup>) and aluminum (Al<sup>3+</sup>) toxicity in soils, which suppressed the yield and quality of tea. Crucially, tea leaf production remained almost similar (average 1079.77 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) from 1995 to 2015, while the application doses of urea, TSP, and MoP increased by 24.69%, 18.92%, and 16.67%, respectively, in garden soils. However, the pH value of soil declined up to 24% from 1992 to 2020 in the tested gardens. Consequently, the availability of K<sup>+</sup>, P, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> decreased by 56%, 25%, 55%, and 49%, respectively, in those tea garden soils. In addition, the quality of tea leaves was severely affected, as evident by the reduced levels of total flavonoids, polyphenols, soluble solids, vitamin C, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2. Moreover, free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH), caffeine, and tannin concentration were increased in tea leaves, which indicated that tea plants were potentially being stressed. Therefore, we study concluded that long-term application of traditional nitrogenous fertilizers can be an important regulator of lowering garden soil pH, which reduces native soil nutrient pools and thereby the yield and quality of tea leaves. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:59:55Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-accc807f8b6f4d1193847ea703d39a8a2023-11-23T14:37:46ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-09-01129212810.3390/agronomy12092128Long-Term Traditional Fertilization Alters Tea Garden Soil Properties and Tea Leaf Quality in BangladeshIsrat Jahan0Jannat Shopan1Md. Masudur Rahman2Animesh Sarkar3Md. Abdul Baset4Zheng Zhang5Xin Li6Golam Jalal Ahammed7Md. Kamrul Hasan8Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, BangladeshKey Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaKey Laboratory of IRFA, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, BangladeshDepartment of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, BangladeshKey Laboratory of IRFA, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, BangladeshKey Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, BangladeshSoil acidity is one of the major soil-degradation events throughout the world, and the long-term application of nitrogenous fertilizers is thought to be a main cause of soil acidity. In the present experiment, we collected soil and tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) leaf samples from five representative tea gardens in Bangladesh and evaluated soil nutrient pools and biochemical properties of tea leaves. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between soil pH and the amount of applied nitrogenous fertilizers. Moreover, continuous application of traditional fertilizers over twenty-five years promoted not only the deficiency of phosphorus (P) and mineral-based cations, such as potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), and magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), but also increased manganese (Mn<sup>2+</sup>) and aluminum (Al<sup>3+</sup>) toxicity in soils, which suppressed the yield and quality of tea. Crucially, tea leaf production remained almost similar (average 1079.77 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) from 1995 to 2015, while the application doses of urea, TSP, and MoP increased by 24.69%, 18.92%, and 16.67%, respectively, in garden soils. However, the pH value of soil declined up to 24% from 1992 to 2020 in the tested gardens. Consequently, the availability of K<sup>+</sup>, P, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> decreased by 56%, 25%, 55%, and 49%, respectively, in those tea garden soils. In addition, the quality of tea leaves was severely affected, as evident by the reduced levels of total flavonoids, polyphenols, soluble solids, vitamin C, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2. Moreover, free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH), caffeine, and tannin concentration were increased in tea leaves, which indicated that tea plants were potentially being stressed. Therefore, we study concluded that long-term application of traditional nitrogenous fertilizers can be an important regulator of lowering garden soil pH, which reduces native soil nutrient pools and thereby the yield and quality of tea leaves.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2128<i>Camellia sinensis</i>nitrogen fertilizationsoil pHnutrient poolsyield and tea attributes |
| spellingShingle | Israt Jahan Jannat Shopan Md. Masudur Rahman Animesh Sarkar Md. Abdul Baset Zheng Zhang Xin Li Golam Jalal Ahammed Md. Kamrul Hasan Long-Term Traditional Fertilization Alters Tea Garden Soil Properties and Tea Leaf Quality in Bangladesh Agronomy <i>Camellia sinensis</i> nitrogen fertilization soil pH nutrient pools yield and tea attributes |
| title | Long-Term Traditional Fertilization Alters Tea Garden Soil Properties and Tea Leaf Quality in Bangladesh |
| title_full | Long-Term Traditional Fertilization Alters Tea Garden Soil Properties and Tea Leaf Quality in Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr | Long-Term Traditional Fertilization Alters Tea Garden Soil Properties and Tea Leaf Quality in Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Traditional Fertilization Alters Tea Garden Soil Properties and Tea Leaf Quality in Bangladesh |
| title_short | Long-Term Traditional Fertilization Alters Tea Garden Soil Properties and Tea Leaf Quality in Bangladesh |
| title_sort | long term traditional fertilization alters tea garden soil properties and tea leaf quality in bangladesh |
| topic | <i>Camellia sinensis</i> nitrogen fertilization soil pH nutrient pools yield and tea attributes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2128 |
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