Swinepox Virus Strains Isolated from Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Germany Display Altered Coding Capacity in the Terminal Genome Region Encoding for Species-Specific Genes
Swinepox virus (SWPV) is a globally distributed swine pathogen that causes sporadic cases of an acute poxvirus infection in domesticated pigs, characterized by the development of a pathognomonic proliferative dermatitis and secondary ulcerations. More severe disease with higher levels of morbidity a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/10/2038 |
| _version_ | 1797512943789670400 |
|---|---|
| author | Franziska K. Kaiser Anastasia Wiedemann Bianca Kühl Laura Menke Andreas Beineke Wolfgang Baumgärtner Peter Wohlsein Kerstin Rigbers Paul Becher Martin Peters Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus Martin Ludlow |
| author_facet | Franziska K. Kaiser Anastasia Wiedemann Bianca Kühl Laura Menke Andreas Beineke Wolfgang Baumgärtner Peter Wohlsein Kerstin Rigbers Paul Becher Martin Peters Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus Martin Ludlow |
| author_sort | Franziska K. Kaiser |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Swinepox virus (SWPV) is a globally distributed swine pathogen that causes sporadic cases of an acute poxvirus infection in domesticated pigs, characterized by the development of a pathognomonic proliferative dermatitis and secondary ulcerations. More severe disease with higher levels of morbidity and mortality is observed in congenitally SWPV-infected neonatal piglets. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary origins of SWPV strains isolated from domestic pigs and wild boar. Analysis of whole genome sequences of SWPV showed that at least two different virus strains are currently circulating in Germany. These were more closely related to a previously characterized North American SWPV strain than to a more recent Indian SWPV strain and showed a variation in the SWPV-specific genome region. A single nucleotide deletion in the wild boar (wb) SWPV strain leads to the fusion of the SPV019 and SPV020 open reading frames (ORFs) and encodes a new hypothetical 113 aa protein (SPVwb020-019). In addition, the domestic pig (dp) SWPV genome contained a novel ORF downstream of SPVdp020, which encodes a new hypothetical 71aa protein (SPVdp020a). In summary, we show that SWPV strains with altered coding capacity in the SWPV specific genome region are circulating in domestic pig and wild boar populations in Germany. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:08:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-acdddd0b805442dba463c5298faf8ad9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:08:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-acdddd0b805442dba463c5298faf8ad92023-11-22T20:19:50ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-10-011310203810.3390/v13102038Swinepox Virus Strains Isolated from Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Germany Display Altered Coding Capacity in the Terminal Genome Region Encoding for Species-Specific GenesFranziska K. Kaiser0Anastasia Wiedemann1Bianca Kühl2Laura Menke3Andreas Beineke4Wolfgang Baumgärtner5Peter Wohlsein6Kerstin Rigbers7Paul Becher8Martin Peters9Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus10Martin Ludlow11Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyChemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe, 76187 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyChemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, 59821 Arnsberg, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanySwinepox virus (SWPV) is a globally distributed swine pathogen that causes sporadic cases of an acute poxvirus infection in domesticated pigs, characterized by the development of a pathognomonic proliferative dermatitis and secondary ulcerations. More severe disease with higher levels of morbidity and mortality is observed in congenitally SWPV-infected neonatal piglets. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary origins of SWPV strains isolated from domestic pigs and wild boar. Analysis of whole genome sequences of SWPV showed that at least two different virus strains are currently circulating in Germany. These were more closely related to a previously characterized North American SWPV strain than to a more recent Indian SWPV strain and showed a variation in the SWPV-specific genome region. A single nucleotide deletion in the wild boar (wb) SWPV strain leads to the fusion of the SPV019 and SPV020 open reading frames (ORFs) and encodes a new hypothetical 113 aa protein (SPVwb020-019). In addition, the domestic pig (dp) SWPV genome contained a novel ORF downstream of SPVdp020, which encodes a new hypothetical 71aa protein (SPVdp020a). In summary, we show that SWPV strains with altered coding capacity in the SWPV specific genome region are circulating in domestic pig and wild boar populations in Germany.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/10/2038swinepox virusdomestic pigwild boarnext generation sequencingpersistenceintrauterine infection |
| spellingShingle | Franziska K. Kaiser Anastasia Wiedemann Bianca Kühl Laura Menke Andreas Beineke Wolfgang Baumgärtner Peter Wohlsein Kerstin Rigbers Paul Becher Martin Peters Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus Martin Ludlow Swinepox Virus Strains Isolated from Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Germany Display Altered Coding Capacity in the Terminal Genome Region Encoding for Species-Specific Genes Viruses swinepox virus domestic pig wild boar next generation sequencing persistence intrauterine infection |
| title | Swinepox Virus Strains Isolated from Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Germany Display Altered Coding Capacity in the Terminal Genome Region Encoding for Species-Specific Genes |
| title_full | Swinepox Virus Strains Isolated from Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Germany Display Altered Coding Capacity in the Terminal Genome Region Encoding for Species-Specific Genes |
| title_fullStr | Swinepox Virus Strains Isolated from Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Germany Display Altered Coding Capacity in the Terminal Genome Region Encoding for Species-Specific Genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Swinepox Virus Strains Isolated from Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Germany Display Altered Coding Capacity in the Terminal Genome Region Encoding for Species-Specific Genes |
| title_short | Swinepox Virus Strains Isolated from Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Germany Display Altered Coding Capacity in the Terminal Genome Region Encoding for Species-Specific Genes |
| title_sort | swinepox virus strains isolated from domestic pigs and wild boar in germany display altered coding capacity in the terminal genome region encoding for species specific genes |
| topic | swinepox virus domestic pig wild boar next generation sequencing persistence intrauterine infection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/10/2038 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT franziskakkaiser swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT anastasiawiedemann swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT biancakuhl swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT lauramenke swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT andreasbeineke swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT wolfgangbaumgartner swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT peterwohlsein swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT kerstinrigbers swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT paulbecher swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT martinpeters swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT albertdmeosterhaus swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes AT martinludlow swinepoxvirusstrainsisolatedfromdomesticpigsandwildboaringermanydisplayalteredcodingcapacityintheterminalgenomeregionencodingforspeciesspecificgenes |