The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries
Abstract Objective To examine and compare tobacco marketing in 16 countries while the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control requires parties to implement a comprehensive ban on such marketing. Methods Between 2009 and 2012, a kilometre-long walk was completed by trained investigators in 462 comm...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The World Health Organization
2015-12-01
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| Series: | Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862015001200851&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1827332988373827584 |
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| author | Emily Savell Anna B Gilmore Michelle Sims Prem K Mony Teo Koon Khalid Yusoff Scott A Lear Pamela Seron Noorhassim Ismail K Burcu Tumerdem Calik Annika Rosengren Ahmad Bahonar Rajesh Kumar Krishnapillai Vijayakumar Annamarie Kruger Hany Swidan Rajeev Gupta Ehimario Igumbor Asad Afridi Omar Rahman Jephat Chifamba Katarzyna Zatonska V Mohan Deepa Mohan Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo Alvaro Avezum Paul Poirier Andres Orlandini Wei Li Martin McKee Sumathy Rangarajan Salim Yusuf Clara K Chow |
| author_facet | Emily Savell Anna B Gilmore Michelle Sims Prem K Mony Teo Koon Khalid Yusoff Scott A Lear Pamela Seron Noorhassim Ismail K Burcu Tumerdem Calik Annika Rosengren Ahmad Bahonar Rajesh Kumar Krishnapillai Vijayakumar Annamarie Kruger Hany Swidan Rajeev Gupta Ehimario Igumbor Asad Afridi Omar Rahman Jephat Chifamba Katarzyna Zatonska V Mohan Deepa Mohan Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo Alvaro Avezum Paul Poirier Andres Orlandini Wei Li Martin McKee Sumathy Rangarajan Salim Yusuf Clara K Chow |
| author_sort | Emily Savell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective To examine and compare tobacco marketing in 16 countries while the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control requires parties to implement a comprehensive ban on such marketing. Methods Between 2009 and 2012, a kilometre-long walk was completed by trained investigators in 462 communities across 16 countries to collect data on tobacco marketing. We interviewed community members about their exposure to traditional and non-traditional marketing in the previous six months. To examine differences in marketing between urban and rural communities and between high-, middle- and low-income countries, we used multilevel regression models controlling for potential confounders. Findings Compared with high-income countries, the number of tobacco advertisements observed was 81 times higher in low-income countries (incidence rate ratio, IRR: 80.98; 95% confidence interval, CI: 4.15-1578.42) and the number of tobacco outlets was 2.5 times higher in both low- and lower-middle-income countries (IRR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.17-5.67 and IRR: 2.52; CI: 1.23-5.17, respectively). Of the 11 842 interviewees, 1184 (10%) reported seeing at least five types of tobacco marketing. Self-reported exposure to at least one type of traditional marketing was 10 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries (odds ratio, OR: 9.77; 95% CI: 1.24-76.77). For almost all measures, marketing exposure was significantly lower in the rural communities than in the urban communities. Conclusion Despite global legislation to limit tobacco marketing, it appears ubiquitous. The frequency and type of tobacco marketing varies on the national level by income group and by community type, appearing to be greatest in low-income countries and urban communities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:13:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ace3344473f54713be722d0372cd781f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0042-9686 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:13:13Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | The World Health Organization |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| spelling | doaj.art-ace3344473f54713be722d0372cd781f2024-03-03T00:46:33ZengThe World Health OrganizationBulletin of the World Health Organization0042-96862015-12-01931285186110.2471/BLT.15.155846S0042-96862015001200851The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countriesEmily SavellAnna B GilmoreMichelle SimsPrem K MonyTeo KoonKhalid YusoffScott A LearPamela SeronNoorhassim IsmailK Burcu Tumerdem CalikAnnika RosengrenAhmad BahonarRajesh KumarKrishnapillai VijayakumarAnnamarie KrugerHany SwidanRajeev GuptaEhimario IgumborAsad AfridiOmar RahmanJephat ChifambaKatarzyna ZatonskaV MohanDeepa MohanPatricio Lopez-JaramilloAlvaro AvezumPaul PoirierAndres OrlandiniWei LiMartin McKeeSumathy RangarajanSalim YusufClara K ChowAbstract Objective To examine and compare tobacco marketing in 16 countries while the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control requires parties to implement a comprehensive ban on such marketing. Methods Between 2009 and 2012, a kilometre-long walk was completed by trained investigators in 462 communities across 16 countries to collect data on tobacco marketing. We interviewed community members about their exposure to traditional and non-traditional marketing in the previous six months. To examine differences in marketing between urban and rural communities and between high-, middle- and low-income countries, we used multilevel regression models controlling for potential confounders. Findings Compared with high-income countries, the number of tobacco advertisements observed was 81 times higher in low-income countries (incidence rate ratio, IRR: 80.98; 95% confidence interval, CI: 4.15-1578.42) and the number of tobacco outlets was 2.5 times higher in both low- and lower-middle-income countries (IRR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.17-5.67 and IRR: 2.52; CI: 1.23-5.17, respectively). Of the 11 842 interviewees, 1184 (10%) reported seeing at least five types of tobacco marketing. Self-reported exposure to at least one type of traditional marketing was 10 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries (odds ratio, OR: 9.77; 95% CI: 1.24-76.77). For almost all measures, marketing exposure was significantly lower in the rural communities than in the urban communities. Conclusion Despite global legislation to limit tobacco marketing, it appears ubiquitous. The frequency and type of tobacco marketing varies on the national level by income group and by community type, appearing to be greatest in low-income countries and urban communities.http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862015001200851&lng=en&tlng=en |
| spellingShingle | Emily Savell Anna B Gilmore Michelle Sims Prem K Mony Teo Koon Khalid Yusoff Scott A Lear Pamela Seron Noorhassim Ismail K Burcu Tumerdem Calik Annika Rosengren Ahmad Bahonar Rajesh Kumar Krishnapillai Vijayakumar Annamarie Kruger Hany Swidan Rajeev Gupta Ehimario Igumbor Asad Afridi Omar Rahman Jephat Chifamba Katarzyna Zatonska V Mohan Deepa Mohan Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo Alvaro Avezum Paul Poirier Andres Orlandini Wei Li Martin McKee Sumathy Rangarajan Salim Yusuf Clara K Chow The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| title | The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries |
| title_full | The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries |
| title_fullStr | The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries |
| title_short | The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries |
| title_sort | environmental profile of a community s health a cross sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries |
| url | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862015001200851&lng=en&tlng=en |
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