The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo
The aim of this paper was to optimise the manufacturing parameters of a new maraging steel alloy with 8% Cr, reduced Ni content (7%), and no Co or Mo. This alloy was developed by ArcelorMittal and its trade name is LeanSi. The alloy was produced using the selective laser melting (SLM) process. In th...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/21/7008 |
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| author | Inés Pérez-Gonzalo Alejandro González-Pociño Florentino Alvarez-Antolin Laura del Rio-Fernández |
| author_facet | Inés Pérez-Gonzalo Alejandro González-Pociño Florentino Alvarez-Antolin Laura del Rio-Fernández |
| author_sort | Inés Pérez-Gonzalo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this paper was to optimise the manufacturing parameters of a new maraging steel alloy with 8% Cr, reduced Ni content (7%), and no Co or Mo. This alloy was developed by ArcelorMittal and its trade name is LeanSi. The alloy was produced using the selective laser melting (SLM) process. In the as-built state, the microstructure of the alloy was fully martensitic. The optimisation of the manufacturing parameters was determined via a multivariate factorial design of experiments including 12 experiments and three factors. The factors (i.e., the fabrication parameters) analysed were laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance. The objective was to eliminate porosity and maximise density. It was concluded that, to achieve this, the laser power should be set at 250 W, the scanning speed at 1000 mm/s, and the hatch distance at 80 microns. The porosity obtained under these manufacturing parameters was 0.06 ± 0.03% with a confidence level of 95%. If these manufacturing parameters were modified, the material exhibited a defective interlayer bond with the formation of “balling” and high porosity. The tensile specimens tested in the as-built state showed plastic deformation. However, all the aged specimens showed brittle fracture behaviour, evidenced by the presence of very small micro-cavities (where the fracture energy consumed was very small) and small cleavage planes. The specimens produced with the manufacturing parameters at their optimum levels and aged at 480 °C for 2 h achieved tensile strength values that averaged 1430 MPa. The porosity of these specimens was reduced by more than 85%. Reverse austenite was detected at ageing temperatures of 540 °C upwards. |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:26:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-ace7fd00fc1b4db39ab9cc5fe3950bf12023-11-10T15:07:36ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-11-011621700810.3390/ma16217008The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or MoInés Pérez-Gonzalo0Alejandro González-Pociño1Florentino Alvarez-Antolin2Laura del Rio-Fernández3Materials Science and Metallurgic Engineering Department, University of Oviedo, Independencia 13, 33004 Oviedo, SpainMaterials Science and Metallurgic Engineering Department, University of Oviedo, Independencia 13, 33004 Oviedo, SpainMaterials Science and Metallurgic Engineering Department, University of Oviedo, Independencia 13, 33004 Oviedo, SpainArcelorMittal Global R&D Asturias, P.O. Box 90, 33400 Avilés, SpainThe aim of this paper was to optimise the manufacturing parameters of a new maraging steel alloy with 8% Cr, reduced Ni content (7%), and no Co or Mo. This alloy was developed by ArcelorMittal and its trade name is LeanSi. The alloy was produced using the selective laser melting (SLM) process. In the as-built state, the microstructure of the alloy was fully martensitic. The optimisation of the manufacturing parameters was determined via a multivariate factorial design of experiments including 12 experiments and three factors. The factors (i.e., the fabrication parameters) analysed were laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance. The objective was to eliminate porosity and maximise density. It was concluded that, to achieve this, the laser power should be set at 250 W, the scanning speed at 1000 mm/s, and the hatch distance at 80 microns. The porosity obtained under these manufacturing parameters was 0.06 ± 0.03% with a confidence level of 95%. If these manufacturing parameters were modified, the material exhibited a defective interlayer bond with the formation of “balling” and high porosity. The tensile specimens tested in the as-built state showed plastic deformation. However, all the aged specimens showed brittle fracture behaviour, evidenced by the presence of very small micro-cavities (where the fracture energy consumed was very small) and small cleavage planes. The specimens produced with the manufacturing parameters at their optimum levels and aged at 480 °C for 2 h achieved tensile strength values that averaged 1430 MPa. The porosity of these specimens was reduced by more than 85%. Reverse austenite was detected at ageing temperatures of 540 °C upwards.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/21/7008maraging steelselective laser meltingballinglaser powerscanning speedporosity |
| spellingShingle | Inés Pérez-Gonzalo Alejandro González-Pociño Florentino Alvarez-Antolin Laura del Rio-Fernández The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo Materials maraging steel selective laser melting balling laser power scanning speed porosity |
| title | The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo |
| title_full | The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo |
| title_short | The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Fabrication Parameters on the Tensile Strength of an Aged New Maraging Steel Alloy with 8% Cr, Reduced Ni Content (7%), and No Co or Mo |
| title_sort | effect of selective laser melting fabrication parameters on the tensile strength of an aged new maraging steel alloy with 8 cr reduced ni content 7 and no co or mo |
| topic | maraging steel selective laser melting balling laser power scanning speed porosity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/21/7008 |
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