Transport pathways from the Asian monsoon anticyclone to the stratosphere
Transport pathways of air originating in the upper-tropospheric Asian monsoon anticyclone are investigated based on three-dimensional trajectories. The Asian monsoon anticyclone emerges in response to persistent deep convection over India and southeast Asia in northern summer, and this convection...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/2703/2016/acp-16-2703-2016.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811225135567339520 |
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| author | H. Garny W. J. Randel |
| author_facet | H. Garny W. J. Randel |
| author_sort | H. Garny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transport pathways of air originating in the upper-tropospheric Asian monsoon
anticyclone are investigated based on three-dimensional trajectories. The
Asian monsoon anticyclone emerges in response to persistent deep convection
over India and southeast Asia in northern summer, and this convection is
associated with rapid transport from the surface to the upper troposphere and possibly into the stratosphere. Here, we investigate the fate of air that
originates within the upper-tropospheric anticyclone from the outflow of deep
convection, using trajectories driven by ERA-interim reanalysis data.
Calculations include isentropic estimates, plus fully three-dimensional
results based on kinematic and diabatic transport calculations. Isentropic
calculations show that air parcels are typically confined within the
anticyclone for 10–20 days and spread over the tropical belt within
a month of their initialization. However, only few parcels (3 % at
360 K, 8 % at 380 K) reach the extratropical stratosphere by isentropic transport. When considering vertical transport we find that 31 % or 48 % of the trajectories reach the stratosphere within 60 days when using vertical velocities or diabatic heating rates to calculate vertical transport, respectively. In both cases, most parcels that reach the stratosphere are transported upward within the anticyclone and enter the stratosphere in the tropics, typically 10–20 days after their initialization at 360 K. This
suggests that trace gases, including pollutants, that are transported into
the stratosphere via the Asian monsoon system are in a position to enter the
tropical pipe and thus be transported into the deep stratosphere. Sensitivity
calculations with respect to the initial altitude of the trajectories showed
that air needs to be transported to levels of 360 K or above by deep
convection to likely (<i>≧</i> 50 %) reach the stratosphere through
transport by the large-scale circulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:00:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-acf3884a56ee43db8e568653227a17bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:00:51Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-acf3884a56ee43db8e568653227a17bf2022-12-22T03:39:14ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242016-03-01162703271810.5194/acp-16-2703-2016Transport pathways from the Asian monsoon anticyclone to the stratosphereH. Garny0W. J. Randel1Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, GermanyNational Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USATransport pathways of air originating in the upper-tropospheric Asian monsoon anticyclone are investigated based on three-dimensional trajectories. The Asian monsoon anticyclone emerges in response to persistent deep convection over India and southeast Asia in northern summer, and this convection is associated with rapid transport from the surface to the upper troposphere and possibly into the stratosphere. Here, we investigate the fate of air that originates within the upper-tropospheric anticyclone from the outflow of deep convection, using trajectories driven by ERA-interim reanalysis data. Calculations include isentropic estimates, plus fully three-dimensional results based on kinematic and diabatic transport calculations. Isentropic calculations show that air parcels are typically confined within the anticyclone for 10–20 days and spread over the tropical belt within a month of their initialization. However, only few parcels (3 % at 360 K, 8 % at 380 K) reach the extratropical stratosphere by isentropic transport. When considering vertical transport we find that 31 % or 48 % of the trajectories reach the stratosphere within 60 days when using vertical velocities or diabatic heating rates to calculate vertical transport, respectively. In both cases, most parcels that reach the stratosphere are transported upward within the anticyclone and enter the stratosphere in the tropics, typically 10–20 days after their initialization at 360 K. This suggests that trace gases, including pollutants, that are transported into the stratosphere via the Asian monsoon system are in a position to enter the tropical pipe and thus be transported into the deep stratosphere. Sensitivity calculations with respect to the initial altitude of the trajectories showed that air needs to be transported to levels of 360 K or above by deep convection to likely (<i>≧</i> 50 %) reach the stratosphere through transport by the large-scale circulation.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/2703/2016/acp-16-2703-2016.pdf |
| spellingShingle | H. Garny W. J. Randel Transport pathways from the Asian monsoon anticyclone to the stratosphere Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Transport pathways from the Asian monsoon anticyclone to the stratosphere |
| title_full | Transport pathways from the Asian monsoon anticyclone to the stratosphere |
| title_fullStr | Transport pathways from the Asian monsoon anticyclone to the stratosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transport pathways from the Asian monsoon anticyclone to the stratosphere |
| title_short | Transport pathways from the Asian monsoon anticyclone to the stratosphere |
| title_sort | transport pathways from the asian monsoon anticyclone to the stratosphere |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/2703/2016/acp-16-2703-2016.pdf |
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