Novel virophages discovered in a freshwater lake in China
Virophages are small double-stranded DNA viruses that are parasites of giant DNA viruses that infect unicellular eukaryotes. Here we identify a novel group of virophages, named Dishui Lake virophages (DSLVs) that were discovered in Dishui Lake (DSL): an artificial freshwater lake in Shanghai, China....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00005/full |
| _version_ | 1818619326004985856 |
|---|---|
| author | Chaowen eGong Weijia eZhang Xuewen eZhou Hongming eWang Guowei eSun Jinzhou eXiao Yingjie ePan Shuling eYan Yongjie eWang |
| author_facet | Chaowen eGong Weijia eZhang Xuewen eZhou Hongming eWang Guowei eSun Jinzhou eXiao Yingjie ePan Shuling eYan Yongjie eWang |
| author_sort | Chaowen eGong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Virophages are small double-stranded DNA viruses that are parasites of giant DNA viruses that infect unicellular eukaryotes. Here we identify a novel group of virophages, named Dishui Lake virophages (DSLVs) that were discovered in Dishui Lake (DSL): an artificial freshwater lake in Shanghai, China. Based on PCR and metagenomic analysis, the complete genome of DSLV1 was found to be circular and 28,788 base pairs in length, with a G+C content 43.2%, and 28 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Fifteen of the DSLV1 ORFs have sequence similarity to known virophages. Two DSLV1 ORFs exhibited sequence similarity to that of prasinoviruses (Phycodnaviridae) and chloroviruses (Phycodnaviridae), respectively, suggesting horizontal gene transfer occurred between these large algal DNA viruses and DSLV1. 46 other virophages-related contigs were also obtained, including six homologous major capsid protein (MCP) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of these MCPs showed that DSLVs are closely related to OLV (Organic Lake virophage) and YSLVs (Yellowstone Lake virophages), especially to YSLV3, except for YSLV7. These results indicate that freshwater ecotopes are the hotbed for discovering novel virophages as well as understanding their diversity and properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:35:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad022689b8ba43a595876a51038e2740 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:35:42Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad022689b8ba43a595876a51038e27402022-12-21T22:22:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2016-01-01710.3389/fmicb.2016.00005173643Novel virophages discovered in a freshwater lake in ChinaChaowen eGong0Weijia eZhang1Xuewen eZhou2Hongming eWang3Guowei eSun4Jinzhou eXiao5Yingjie ePan6Shuling eYan7Yongjie eWang8SHOUSHOUSHOUSHOUSHOUSHOUSHOUUniversity of GoettingenSHOUVirophages are small double-stranded DNA viruses that are parasites of giant DNA viruses that infect unicellular eukaryotes. Here we identify a novel group of virophages, named Dishui Lake virophages (DSLVs) that were discovered in Dishui Lake (DSL): an artificial freshwater lake in Shanghai, China. Based on PCR and metagenomic analysis, the complete genome of DSLV1 was found to be circular and 28,788 base pairs in length, with a G+C content 43.2%, and 28 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Fifteen of the DSLV1 ORFs have sequence similarity to known virophages. Two DSLV1 ORFs exhibited sequence similarity to that of prasinoviruses (Phycodnaviridae) and chloroviruses (Phycodnaviridae), respectively, suggesting horizontal gene transfer occurred between these large algal DNA viruses and DSLV1. 46 other virophages-related contigs were also obtained, including six homologous major capsid protein (MCP) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of these MCPs showed that DSLVs are closely related to OLV (Organic Lake virophage) and YSLVs (Yellowstone Lake virophages), especially to YSLV3, except for YSLV7. These results indicate that freshwater ecotopes are the hotbed for discovering novel virophages as well as understanding their diversity and properties.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00005/fullGenomeMetagenomicsdiversityvirophageFreshwater lake |
| spellingShingle | Chaowen eGong Weijia eZhang Xuewen eZhou Hongming eWang Guowei eSun Jinzhou eXiao Yingjie ePan Shuling eYan Yongjie eWang Novel virophages discovered in a freshwater lake in China Frontiers in Microbiology Genome Metagenomics diversity virophage Freshwater lake |
| title | Novel virophages discovered in a freshwater lake in China |
| title_full | Novel virophages discovered in a freshwater lake in China |
| title_fullStr | Novel virophages discovered in a freshwater lake in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel virophages discovered in a freshwater lake in China |
| title_short | Novel virophages discovered in a freshwater lake in China |
| title_sort | novel virophages discovered in a freshwater lake in china |
| topic | Genome Metagenomics diversity virophage Freshwater lake |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00005/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chaowenegong novelvirophagesdiscoveredinafreshwaterlakeinchina AT weijiaezhang novelvirophagesdiscoveredinafreshwaterlakeinchina AT xuewenezhou novelvirophagesdiscoveredinafreshwaterlakeinchina AT hongmingewang novelvirophagesdiscoveredinafreshwaterlakeinchina AT guoweiesun novelvirophagesdiscoveredinafreshwaterlakeinchina AT jinzhouexiao novelvirophagesdiscoveredinafreshwaterlakeinchina AT yingjieepan novelvirophagesdiscoveredinafreshwaterlakeinchina AT shulingeyan novelvirophagesdiscoveredinafreshwaterlakeinchina AT yongjieewang novelvirophagesdiscoveredinafreshwaterlakeinchina |