Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO<sub>2</sub> injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption
<p>A previous model intercomparison of the Tambora aerosol cloud has highlighted substantial differences among simulated volcanic aerosol properties in the pre-industrial stratosphere and has led to questions about the applicability of global aerosol models for large-magnitude explosive erupti...
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| Format: | Article |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/921/2023/acp-23-921-2023.pdf |
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| author | I. Quaglia C. Timmreck U. Niemeier D. Visioni G. Pitari C. Brodowsky C. Brühl S. S. Dhomse H. Franke H. Franke A. Laakso G. W. Mann G. W. Mann E. Rozanov E. Rozanov E. Rozanov T. Sukhodolov T. Sukhodolov |
| author_facet | I. Quaglia C. Timmreck U. Niemeier D. Visioni G. Pitari C. Brodowsky C. Brühl S. S. Dhomse H. Franke H. Franke A. Laakso G. W. Mann G. W. Mann E. Rozanov E. Rozanov E. Rozanov T. Sukhodolov T. Sukhodolov |
| author_sort | I. Quaglia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>A previous model intercomparison of the Tambora aerosol cloud has highlighted substantial differences among simulated volcanic aerosol properties in the pre-industrial stratosphere and has led to questions about the applicability of global aerosol models for large-magnitude explosive eruptions prior to the observational period.
Here, we compare the evolution of the stratospheric aerosol cloud following the well-observed June 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption simulated with six interactive stratospheric aerosol microphysics models to a range of observational data sets.</p>
<p>Our primary focus is on the uncertainties regarding initial SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emission following the Pinatubo eruption, as prescribed in the Historical Eruptions SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> Emission Assessment experiments (HErSEA), in the framework of the Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP). Six global models with interactive aerosol microphysics took part in this study: ECHAM6-SALSA, EMAC, ECHAM5-HAM, SOCOL-AERv2, ULAQ-CCM, and UM-UKCA. Model simulations are performed by varying the SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> injection amount (ranging between 5 and 10 Tg S) and the altitude of injection (between 18–25 km).</p>
<p>The comparisons show that all models consistently demonstrate faster reduction from the peak in sulfate mass burden in the tropical stratosphere. Most models also show a stronger transport towards the extratropics in the Northern Hemisphere, at the expense of the observed tropical confinement, suggesting a much weaker subtropical barrier in all the models, which results in a shorter e-folding time compared to the observations. Furthermore, simulations in which more than 5 Tg S in the form of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> is injected show an initial overestimation of the sulfate burden in the tropics and, in some models, in the Northern Hemisphere and a large surface area density a few months after the eruption compared to the values measured in the tropics and the in situ measurements over Laramie. This draws attention to the importance of including processes such as the ash injection for the removal of the initial SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and aerosol lofting through local heating.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:33:00Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:33:00Z |
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| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad089cbf31f14b9eb66da4154afc4d122023-01-19T13:10:37ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-01-012392194810.5194/acp-23-921-2023Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO<sub>2</sub> injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruptionI. Quaglia0C. Timmreck1U. Niemeier2D. Visioni3G. Pitari4C. Brodowsky5C. Brühl6S. S. Dhomse7H. Franke8H. Franke9A. Laakso10G. W. Mann11G. W. Mann12E. Rozanov13E. Rozanov14E. Rozanov15T. Sukhodolov16T. Sukhodolov17Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, ItalyMax Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, GermanySibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, ItalyInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandMax Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanySchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UKMax Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, GermanyInternational Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modeling, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, GermanyFinnish Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, FinlandMax Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UKInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandPhysikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation Center, Davos, SwitzerlandOzone layer and upper atmosphere research laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, RussiaPhysikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation Center, Davos, SwitzerlandOzone layer and upper atmosphere research laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia<p>A previous model intercomparison of the Tambora aerosol cloud has highlighted substantial differences among simulated volcanic aerosol properties in the pre-industrial stratosphere and has led to questions about the applicability of global aerosol models for large-magnitude explosive eruptions prior to the observational period. Here, we compare the evolution of the stratospheric aerosol cloud following the well-observed June 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption simulated with six interactive stratospheric aerosol microphysics models to a range of observational data sets.</p> <p>Our primary focus is on the uncertainties regarding initial SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emission following the Pinatubo eruption, as prescribed in the Historical Eruptions SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> Emission Assessment experiments (HErSEA), in the framework of the Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP). Six global models with interactive aerosol microphysics took part in this study: ECHAM6-SALSA, EMAC, ECHAM5-HAM, SOCOL-AERv2, ULAQ-CCM, and UM-UKCA. Model simulations are performed by varying the SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> injection amount (ranging between 5 and 10 Tg S) and the altitude of injection (between 18–25 km).</p> <p>The comparisons show that all models consistently demonstrate faster reduction from the peak in sulfate mass burden in the tropical stratosphere. Most models also show a stronger transport towards the extratropics in the Northern Hemisphere, at the expense of the observed tropical confinement, suggesting a much weaker subtropical barrier in all the models, which results in a shorter e-folding time compared to the observations. Furthermore, simulations in which more than 5 Tg S in the form of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> is injected show an initial overestimation of the sulfate burden in the tropics and, in some models, in the Northern Hemisphere and a large surface area density a few months after the eruption compared to the values measured in the tropics and the in situ measurements over Laramie. This draws attention to the importance of including processes such as the ash injection for the removal of the initial SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and aerosol lofting through local heating.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/921/2023/acp-23-921-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | I. Quaglia C. Timmreck U. Niemeier D. Visioni G. Pitari C. Brodowsky C. Brühl S. S. Dhomse H. Franke H. Franke A. Laakso G. W. Mann G. W. Mann E. Rozanov E. Rozanov E. Rozanov T. Sukhodolov T. Sukhodolov Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO<sub>2</sub> injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO<sub>2</sub> injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption |
| title_full | Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO<sub>2</sub> injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption |
| title_fullStr | Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO<sub>2</sub> injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO<sub>2</sub> injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption |
| title_short | Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO<sub>2</sub> injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption |
| title_sort | interactive stratospheric aerosol models response to different amounts and altitudes of so sub 2 sub injection during the 1991 pinatubo eruption |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/921/2023/acp-23-921-2023.pdf |
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