Incidence of <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from Albania
In this study, ten <i>Fusarium</i> toxins were analysed in wheat and maize commodities from Albania. In total, 71 samples of wheat and 45 samples of maize were collected from different producing regions. The analytical procedure consisted of a simple one-step sample extraction followed b...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/1/172 |
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| author | Dritan Topi Janja Babič Katarina Pavšič-Vrtač Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher Breda Jakovac-Strajn |
| author_facet | Dritan Topi Janja Babič Katarina Pavšič-Vrtač Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher Breda Jakovac-Strajn |
| author_sort | Dritan Topi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, ten <i>Fusarium</i> toxins were analysed in wheat and maize commodities from Albania. In total, 71 samples of wheat and 45 samples of maize were collected from different producing regions. The analytical procedure consisted of a simple one-step sample extraction followed by the determination of toxins using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. <i>Fusarium</i> toxins were found in 23% of the analysed wheat samples and in 78% of maize samples. In maize samples, most often fumonisins B<sub>1</sub> (FB1) and B<sub>2</sub> (FB2) were found. They were present in 76% of samples. They were detected in all positive samples except in one with concentrations ranging from 59.9 to 16,970 μg/kg. The sum of FB1 and FB2 exceeded the EU maximum permitted level (4000 μg/kg) in 31% of maize samples. In wheat samples, the only detected <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxin was deoxynivalenol (DON), present in 23% of samples. In one sample with the concentration of 1916 μg/kg, the EU maximum permitted level (1250 μg/kg) was exceeded. This is the first report on the presence of <i>Fusarium</i> toxins in wheat and maize grains cultivated in Albania. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:35:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad08c945b62546f78595ae375a77e7d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:35:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad08c945b62546f78595ae375a77e7d12023-11-21T07:37:54ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-12-0126117210.3390/molecules26010172Incidence of <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from AlbaniaDritan Topi0Janja Babič1Katarina Pavšič-Vrtač2Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher3Breda Jakovac-Strajn4Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaIn this study, ten <i>Fusarium</i> toxins were analysed in wheat and maize commodities from Albania. In total, 71 samples of wheat and 45 samples of maize were collected from different producing regions. The analytical procedure consisted of a simple one-step sample extraction followed by the determination of toxins using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. <i>Fusarium</i> toxins were found in 23% of the analysed wheat samples and in 78% of maize samples. In maize samples, most often fumonisins B<sub>1</sub> (FB1) and B<sub>2</sub> (FB2) were found. They were present in 76% of samples. They were detected in all positive samples except in one with concentrations ranging from 59.9 to 16,970 μg/kg. The sum of FB1 and FB2 exceeded the EU maximum permitted level (4000 μg/kg) in 31% of maize samples. In wheat samples, the only detected <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxin was deoxynivalenol (DON), present in 23% of samples. In one sample with the concentration of 1916 μg/kg, the EU maximum permitted level (1250 μg/kg) was exceeded. This is the first report on the presence of <i>Fusarium</i> toxins in wheat and maize grains cultivated in Albania.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/1/172<i>Fusarium</i> toxinsdeoxynivalenolfumonisinsmaizewheatAlbania |
| spellingShingle | Dritan Topi Janja Babič Katarina Pavšič-Vrtač Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher Breda Jakovac-Strajn Incidence of <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from Albania Molecules <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol fumonisins maize wheat Albania |
| title | Incidence of <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from Albania |
| title_full | Incidence of <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from Albania |
| title_fullStr | Incidence of <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from Albania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incidence of <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from Albania |
| title_short | Incidence of <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from Albania |
| title_sort | incidence of i fusarium i mycotoxins in wheat and maize from albania |
| topic | <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol fumonisins maize wheat Albania |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/1/172 |
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