Association among Current Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Regular Exercise, and Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot: Nationwide Population-Based Study
Background The present study investigates whether modifiable behavioral factors of current cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and regular exercise are associated with risk of lower extremity amputation (LEA) in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 2,644,440 diabetic patients (aged ≥20 ye...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Endocrine Society
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.e-enm.org/upload/pdf/enm-2022-1519.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811333415095500800 |
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| author | Yoon Jae Lee Kyung-Do Han Jun Hyeok Kim |
| author_facet | Yoon Jae Lee Kyung-Do Han Jun Hyeok Kim |
| author_sort | Yoon Jae Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The present study investigates whether modifiable behavioral factors of current cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and regular exercise are associated with risk of lower extremity amputation (LEA) in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 2,644,440 diabetic patients (aged ≥20 years) was analyzed using the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the behavioral factors with risk of LEA under adjustment for potential confounders. Results The risk of LEA was significantly increased by current cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption (HR, 1.436; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.367 to 1.508 and HR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.011 to 1.158) but significantly decreased with regular exercise (HR, 0.745; 95% CI, 0.706 to 0.786) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, low income, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index, using insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs, and diabetic duration. A synergistically increased risk of LEA was observed with larger number of risky behaviors. Conclusion Modification of behaviors of current smoking, heavy alcohol intake, and exercise prevents LEA and can improve physical, emotional, and social quality of life in diabetic patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:52:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad0cc70bf7d143d49d85d2ef9b74b9b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2093-596X 2093-5978 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:52:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Korean Endocrine Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad0cc70bf7d143d49d85d2ef9b74b9b12022-12-22T02:38:55ZengKorean Endocrine SocietyEndocrinology and Metabolism2093-596X2093-59782022-10-0137577078010.3803/EnM.2022.15192338Association among Current Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Regular Exercise, and Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot: Nationwide Population-Based StudyYoon Jae Lee0Kyung-Do Han1Jun Hyeok Kim2 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaBackground The present study investigates whether modifiable behavioral factors of current cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and regular exercise are associated with risk of lower extremity amputation (LEA) in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 2,644,440 diabetic patients (aged ≥20 years) was analyzed using the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the behavioral factors with risk of LEA under adjustment for potential confounders. Results The risk of LEA was significantly increased by current cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption (HR, 1.436; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.367 to 1.508 and HR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.011 to 1.158) but significantly decreased with regular exercise (HR, 0.745; 95% CI, 0.706 to 0.786) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, low income, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index, using insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs, and diabetic duration. A synergistically increased risk of LEA was observed with larger number of risky behaviors. Conclusion Modification of behaviors of current smoking, heavy alcohol intake, and exercise prevents LEA and can improve physical, emotional, and social quality of life in diabetic patients.http://www.e-enm.org/upload/pdf/enm-2022-1519.pdfsmokingalcohol drinkingexercise habitsdiabetic footamputation risk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Yoon Jae Lee Kyung-Do Han Jun Hyeok Kim Association among Current Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Regular Exercise, and Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot: Nationwide Population-Based Study Endocrinology and Metabolism smoking alcohol drinking exercise habits diabetic foot amputation risk assessment |
| title | Association among Current Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Regular Exercise, and Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot: Nationwide Population-Based Study |
| title_full | Association among Current Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Regular Exercise, and Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot: Nationwide Population-Based Study |
| title_fullStr | Association among Current Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Regular Exercise, and Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot: Nationwide Population-Based Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association among Current Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Regular Exercise, and Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot: Nationwide Population-Based Study |
| title_short | Association among Current Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Regular Exercise, and Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot: Nationwide Population-Based Study |
| title_sort | association among current smoking alcohol consumption regular exercise and lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot nationwide population based study |
| topic | smoking alcohol drinking exercise habits diabetic foot amputation risk assessment |
| url | http://www.e-enm.org/upload/pdf/enm-2022-1519.pdf |
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