| Summary: | Background.Callus culture in vitro is a convenient model for studying physiological and biochemical manifestations at the cellular level, as well as for cell selection to stress factors. To obtain a callus culture, it is necessary to select the optimal ratio of exogenous hormonal growth regulators (GRs) in the nutrient medium. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal ratios of GRs at the stage of introducing cucumber and radish into in vitro culture. Materials and methods. Sterile plants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Unity) and radish (Raphanus sativus L., cv. Red Giant) were taken as the object of study. The experiment included obtaining a callus culture of cucumber and radish from various explants (cotyledon leaves, hypocotyl and roots) on a nutrient medium with a mineral base according to Murashige-Skoog supplemented by mesoinositol (100 mg/l), glycine (1 mg/l), nicotinic acid (0.5 mg/l), as well as growth regulators 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4- D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) in various ratios. Results. A method for introducing cucumber and radish into in vitro culture is described. The role of the hormonal composition of the nutrient medium in callusogenesis was shown, the influence of different concentrations of GRs, auxin 2.4-D and cytokinin 6-BAP, on callus formation was revealed. For various explants of cucumber and radish, the optimal concentrations of used GRs were determined. Conclusions. The optimal composition of GRs (auxin 2.4-D and cytokinin 6-BAP, mg/l) in Murashige-Skoog medium was selected for callusogenesis on various explants of cucumber (2:2) and radish (4:0.5). A higher intensity of callusogenesis in cucumber on hypocotyl explants and no dependence of callusogenesis on the type of explantin radish were revealed.
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