<i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats
Hyperlipidemia is a leading risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Dietary supplementation with probiotics has been suggested as an alternative intervention to lower cholesterol. In the current study, we isolated a strain of <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 (LGA) from the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/23/4945 |
| _version_ | 1797462534405488640 |
|---|---|
| author | Xianping Li Yuchun Xiao Yuanming Huang Liqiong Song Mengde Li Zhihong Ren |
| author_facet | Xianping Li Yuchun Xiao Yuanming Huang Liqiong Song Mengde Li Zhihong Ren |
| author_sort | Xianping Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hyperlipidemia is a leading risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Dietary supplementation with probiotics has been suggested as an alternative intervention to lower cholesterol. In the current study, we isolated a strain of <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 (LGA) from the feces of a healthy infant fed with breast milk, and it displayed bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Using this strain we determined its cholesterol-lowering and fatty liver-improving functions. SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control rats were fed a commercial chow diet and the other three groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for a 7-week experiment period. After two weeks of feeding, the rats in PBS, simvastin, and LGA group were daily administered through oral gavage with 2 mL PBS, simvastin (1 mg/mL), and 2 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/mouse live LGA in PBS, respectively. After five weeks of such treatment, the rats were euthanized and tissue samples were collected. Blood lipid and inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA, gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, and bile acids profiles were detected by metabolomics. We found that LGA group had lower levels of blood cholesterol and liver steatosis compared to the simvastin group. LGA also significantly reducedthe levels of inflammatory factors in the serum, including TNFα, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, and exotoxin (ET), and increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids in feces, including isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid. In addition, LGA altered the compositions of gut microbiota as manifested by the increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides and the relative abundance of <i>Blautia</i> genus. Targeted metabolomics results showed that bile acids, especially free bile acids and secondary bile acids in feces, were increased in LGA rats compared with the control rats. Accordingly, the rats administrated with LGA also had a higher abundance of serum bile acids, including 23-norcholic acid, 7-ketolithocholic acid, β-muricholic acid, cholic acid, and deoxycholic acid. Together, this study suggests that LGA may exert a cholesterol-lowering effect by modulating the metabolism of bile acids and the composition of gut microbiota. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:37:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad18213594ef4aeb83855f714a5e7f6f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:37:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad18213594ef4aeb83855f714a5e7f6f2023-11-24T11:49:34ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-11-011423494510.3390/nu14234945<i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in RatsXianping Li0Yuchun Xiao1Yuanming Huang2Liqiong Song3Mengde Li4Zhihong Ren5State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230002, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaHyperlipidemia is a leading risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Dietary supplementation with probiotics has been suggested as an alternative intervention to lower cholesterol. In the current study, we isolated a strain of <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 (LGA) from the feces of a healthy infant fed with breast milk, and it displayed bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Using this strain we determined its cholesterol-lowering and fatty liver-improving functions. SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control rats were fed a commercial chow diet and the other three groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for a 7-week experiment period. After two weeks of feeding, the rats in PBS, simvastin, and LGA group were daily administered through oral gavage with 2 mL PBS, simvastin (1 mg/mL), and 2 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/mouse live LGA in PBS, respectively. After five weeks of such treatment, the rats were euthanized and tissue samples were collected. Blood lipid and inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA, gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, and bile acids profiles were detected by metabolomics. We found that LGA group had lower levels of blood cholesterol and liver steatosis compared to the simvastin group. LGA also significantly reducedthe levels of inflammatory factors in the serum, including TNFα, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, and exotoxin (ET), and increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids in feces, including isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid. In addition, LGA altered the compositions of gut microbiota as manifested by the increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides and the relative abundance of <i>Blautia</i> genus. Targeted metabolomics results showed that bile acids, especially free bile acids and secondary bile acids in feces, were increased in LGA rats compared with the control rats. Accordingly, the rats administrated with LGA also had a higher abundance of serum bile acids, including 23-norcholic acid, 7-ketolithocholic acid, β-muricholic acid, cholic acid, and deoxycholic acid. Together, this study suggests that LGA may exert a cholesterol-lowering effect by modulating the metabolism of bile acids and the composition of gut microbiota.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/23/4945<i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i>probioticshyperlipidemiabile acidsmetabolismgut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Xianping Li Yuchun Xiao Yuanming Huang Liqiong Song Mengde Li Zhihong Ren <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats Nutrients <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> probiotics hyperlipidemia bile acids metabolism gut microbiota |
| title | <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats |
| title_full | <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats |
| title_fullStr | <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats |
| title_short | <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats |
| title_sort | i lactobacillus gasseri i rw2014 ameliorates hyperlipidemia by modulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in rats |
| topic | <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> probiotics hyperlipidemia bile acids metabolism gut microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/23/4945 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xianpingli ilactobacillusgasseriirw2014ameliorateshyperlipidemiabymodulatingbileacidmetabolismandgutmicrobiotacompositioninrats AT yuchunxiao ilactobacillusgasseriirw2014ameliorateshyperlipidemiabymodulatingbileacidmetabolismandgutmicrobiotacompositioninrats AT yuanminghuang ilactobacillusgasseriirw2014ameliorateshyperlipidemiabymodulatingbileacidmetabolismandgutmicrobiotacompositioninrats AT liqiongsong ilactobacillusgasseriirw2014ameliorateshyperlipidemiabymodulatingbileacidmetabolismandgutmicrobiotacompositioninrats AT mengdeli ilactobacillusgasseriirw2014ameliorateshyperlipidemiabymodulatingbileacidmetabolismandgutmicrobiotacompositioninrats AT zhihongren ilactobacillusgasseriirw2014ameliorateshyperlipidemiabymodulatingbileacidmetabolismandgutmicrobiotacompositioninrats |