Estimation and evaluation of hourly Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receiver differential code biases (DCBs) with two different methods
<p>Differential code bias (DCB) is one of the Global Positioning System (GPS) errors, which typically affects the calculation of total electron content (TEC) and ionospheric modeling. In the past, DCB was normally estimated as a constant in 1 d, while DCB of a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite G...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Annales Geophysicae |
| Online Access: | https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/41/465/2023/angeo-41-465-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797628663963844608 |
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| author | L. Li L. Li S. Jin S. Jin |
| author_facet | L. Li L. Li S. Jin S. Jin |
| author_sort | L. Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Differential code bias (DCB) is one of the Global Positioning System (GPS) errors, which typically affects the calculation of total electron content (TEC) and ionospheric modeling. In the past, DCB was normally estimated as a constant in 1 d, while DCB of a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite GPS receiver may have large variations within 1 d due to complex space environments and highly dynamic orbit conditions. In this study, daily and hourly DCBs of Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receivers are calculated and evaluated using the spherical harmonic function (SHF) and the local spherical symmetry (LSS) assumption. The results demonstrated that both approaches could obtain accurate and consistent DCB values. The estimated daily DCB standard deviation (SD) is within 0.1 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span> in accordance with the LSS assumption, and it is numerically less than the standard deviation of the reference value provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC). The average error's absolute value is within 0.2 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span> with respect to the provided DCB reference value. As for the SHF method, the DCB's standard deviation is within 0.1 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, which is also less than the standard deviation of the CDAAC reference value. The average error of the absolute value is within 0.2 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>. The estimated hourly DCB with LSS assumptions suggested that calculated results of MetOpA, MetOpB, and MetOpC are, respectively, 0.5 to 3.1 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1.1 to 1.5 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1.3 to 0.7 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>. The root mean square error (RMSE) is less than 1.2 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, and the SD is under 0.6 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>. According to the SHF method, the results of MetOpA, MetOpB, and MetOpC are 1 to 2.7 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1 to 1 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1.3 to 0.6 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, respectively. The RMSE is under 1.3 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span> and the SD is less than 0.5 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>. The SD for solar active days is less than 0.43, 0.49, and 0.44 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, respectively, with the LSS assumption, and the appropriate fluctuation ranges are 2.0, 2.2, and 2.2 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>. The variation ranges for the SHF method are 1.5, 1.2, and 1.2 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, respectively, while the SD is under 0.28, 0.35, and 0.29 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:43:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad293b12c5324f4b9d682b57ec36c39f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0992-7689 1432-0576 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:43:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annales Geophysicae |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad293b12c5324f4b9d682b57ec36c39f2023-11-14T08:21:13ZengCopernicus PublicationsAnnales Geophysicae0992-76891432-05762023-11-014146548110.5194/angeo-41-465-2023Estimation and evaluation of hourly Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receiver differential code biases (DCBs) with two different methodsL. Li0L. Li1S. Jin2S. Jin3Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, ChinaSchool of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China<p>Differential code bias (DCB) is one of the Global Positioning System (GPS) errors, which typically affects the calculation of total electron content (TEC) and ionospheric modeling. In the past, DCB was normally estimated as a constant in 1 d, while DCB of a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite GPS receiver may have large variations within 1 d due to complex space environments and highly dynamic orbit conditions. In this study, daily and hourly DCBs of Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receivers are calculated and evaluated using the spherical harmonic function (SHF) and the local spherical symmetry (LSS) assumption. The results demonstrated that both approaches could obtain accurate and consistent DCB values. The estimated daily DCB standard deviation (SD) is within 0.1 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span> in accordance with the LSS assumption, and it is numerically less than the standard deviation of the reference value provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC). The average error's absolute value is within 0.2 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span> with respect to the provided DCB reference value. As for the SHF method, the DCB's standard deviation is within 0.1 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, which is also less than the standard deviation of the CDAAC reference value. The average error of the absolute value is within 0.2 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>. The estimated hourly DCB with LSS assumptions suggested that calculated results of MetOpA, MetOpB, and MetOpC are, respectively, 0.5 to 3.1 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1.1 to 1.5 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1.3 to 0.7 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>. The root mean square error (RMSE) is less than 1.2 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, and the SD is under 0.6 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>. According to the SHF method, the results of MetOpA, MetOpB, and MetOpC are 1 to 2.7 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1 to 1 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1.3 to 0.6 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, respectively. The RMSE is under 1.3 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span> and the SD is less than 0.5 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>. The SD for solar active days is less than 0.43, 0.49, and 0.44 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, respectively, with the LSS assumption, and the appropriate fluctuation ranges are 2.0, 2.2, and 2.2 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>. The variation ranges for the SHF method are 1.5, 1.2, and 1.2 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>, respectively, while the SD is under 0.28, 0.35, and 0.29 <span class="inline-formula">ns</span>.</p>https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/41/465/2023/angeo-41-465-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | L. Li L. Li S. Jin S. Jin Estimation and evaluation of hourly Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receiver differential code biases (DCBs) with two different methods Annales Geophysicae |
| title | Estimation and evaluation of hourly Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receiver differential code biases (DCBs) with two different methods |
| title_full | Estimation and evaluation of hourly Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receiver differential code biases (DCBs) with two different methods |
| title_fullStr | Estimation and evaluation of hourly Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receiver differential code biases (DCBs) with two different methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation and evaluation of hourly Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receiver differential code biases (DCBs) with two different methods |
| title_short | Estimation and evaluation of hourly Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receiver differential code biases (DCBs) with two different methods |
| title_sort | estimation and evaluation of hourly meteorological operational metop satellites gps receiver differential code biases dcbs with two different methods |
| url | https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/41/465/2023/angeo-41-465-2023.pdf |
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