A Green Approach to Valorizing Abundant Aquatic Weeds for Nutrient-Rich Edible Paper Sheets Production in Bangladesh
The rapid and unprecedented expansion of the global population highlights concerns about the sufficiency of food resources to sustain this growth. This study investigates and substantiates the feasibility of renewable food resources in order to meet the nutritional requirements of consumers. Three e...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Clean Technologies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/5/4/64 |
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| author | Sharmin Suraiya Suraiya Afrin Bristy Md. Sadek Ali Anusree Biswas Md. Rasal Ali Monjurul Haq |
| author_facet | Sharmin Suraiya Suraiya Afrin Bristy Md. Sadek Ali Anusree Biswas Md. Rasal Ali Monjurul Haq |
| author_sort | Sharmin Suraiya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid and unprecedented expansion of the global population highlights concerns about the sufficiency of food resources to sustain this growth. This study investigates and substantiates the feasibility of renewable food resources in order to meet the nutritional requirements of consumers. Three edible aquatic weeds, helencha (<i>Enhydra fluctuans</i>), malancha (<i>Alternanthera philoxeroides</i>), and kalmi (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>), were used to produce edible paper sheets. The composition of the raw aquatic weeds and paper sheet samples was analyzed, including the proximate composition, amino acid content, minerals and heavy metal contents, and bioactive compounds. The dried raw aquatic weeds and paper sheets showed similar proximate compositions, with carbohydrates being the highest component (50.38–64.63%), followed by crude protein (15.25–19.13%), ash (9.30–15.88%), and lipid (1.55–3.43%). The raw weeds and paper sheets were rich in essential minerals like Na, Ca, and Zn with contents ranging from 27.7 mg/100 g to 30.4 mg/100 g, 126.8 mg/100 g to 489.65 mg/100 g, and 4.5 mg/100 g to 16.3 mg/100 g, respectively. Acceptable levels of heavy metals, including Ni, Pb, and Cu, were found. The paper sheets contained seven essential and eight non-essential amino acids. Among the essential amino acids, the phenylalanine content was the highest at 2735.9 mg/100 g in <i>E. fluctuans</i> paper sheets, followed by methionine at 2377.29 mg/100 g in the raw <i>E. fluctuans</i> and histidine at 1972.6 mg/100 g in <i>E. fluctuans</i> paper sheets. <i>A. philoxeroides</i> sheets showed the highest total amino acid content (16,146.81 mg/100 g), while <i>I. aquatica</i> showed the lowest (13,118.67 mg/100 g). The aquatic weed paper sheets were rich in bioactive compounds, and the numbers in <i>E. fluctuans</i>, <i>A. philoxeroides</i>, and <i>I. aquatica</i> paper sheets were 31, 33, and 40, respectively. There were no significant changes in the nutritional content of the aquatic weeds in paper sheet form compared with the raw weeds, which suggests promising prospects for their production and consumption as a source of nutrition and bioactive compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:53:56Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-8797 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:53:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ad2ba844be644e3d85d5d4d095e81c202023-12-22T14:00:52ZengMDPI AGClean Technologies2571-87972023-10-01541269128610.3390/cleantechnol5040064A Green Approach to Valorizing Abundant Aquatic Weeds for Nutrient-Rich Edible Paper Sheets Production in BangladeshSharmin Suraiya0Suraiya Afrin Bristy1Md. Sadek Ali2Anusree Biswas3Md. Rasal Ali4Monjurul Haq5Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, BangladeshDepartment of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, BangladeshDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, BangladeshDepartment of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, BangladeshDepartment of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, BangladeshThe rapid and unprecedented expansion of the global population highlights concerns about the sufficiency of food resources to sustain this growth. This study investigates and substantiates the feasibility of renewable food resources in order to meet the nutritional requirements of consumers. Three edible aquatic weeds, helencha (<i>Enhydra fluctuans</i>), malancha (<i>Alternanthera philoxeroides</i>), and kalmi (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>), were used to produce edible paper sheets. The composition of the raw aquatic weeds and paper sheet samples was analyzed, including the proximate composition, amino acid content, minerals and heavy metal contents, and bioactive compounds. The dried raw aquatic weeds and paper sheets showed similar proximate compositions, with carbohydrates being the highest component (50.38–64.63%), followed by crude protein (15.25–19.13%), ash (9.30–15.88%), and lipid (1.55–3.43%). The raw weeds and paper sheets were rich in essential minerals like Na, Ca, and Zn with contents ranging from 27.7 mg/100 g to 30.4 mg/100 g, 126.8 mg/100 g to 489.65 mg/100 g, and 4.5 mg/100 g to 16.3 mg/100 g, respectively. Acceptable levels of heavy metals, including Ni, Pb, and Cu, were found. The paper sheets contained seven essential and eight non-essential amino acids. Among the essential amino acids, the phenylalanine content was the highest at 2735.9 mg/100 g in <i>E. fluctuans</i> paper sheets, followed by methionine at 2377.29 mg/100 g in the raw <i>E. fluctuans</i> and histidine at 1972.6 mg/100 g in <i>E. fluctuans</i> paper sheets. <i>A. philoxeroides</i> sheets showed the highest total amino acid content (16,146.81 mg/100 g), while <i>I. aquatica</i> showed the lowest (13,118.67 mg/100 g). The aquatic weed paper sheets were rich in bioactive compounds, and the numbers in <i>E. fluctuans</i>, <i>A. philoxeroides</i>, and <i>I. aquatica</i> paper sheets were 31, 33, and 40, respectively. There were no significant changes in the nutritional content of the aquatic weeds in paper sheet form compared with the raw weeds, which suggests promising prospects for their production and consumption as a source of nutrition and bioactive compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/5/4/64aquatic weedsedible paperproximate compositionbiofunctional compoundsmineralsamino acids |
| spellingShingle | Sharmin Suraiya Suraiya Afrin Bristy Md. Sadek Ali Anusree Biswas Md. Rasal Ali Monjurul Haq A Green Approach to Valorizing Abundant Aquatic Weeds for Nutrient-Rich Edible Paper Sheets Production in Bangladesh Clean Technologies aquatic weeds edible paper proximate composition biofunctional compounds minerals amino acids |
| title | A Green Approach to Valorizing Abundant Aquatic Weeds for Nutrient-Rich Edible Paper Sheets Production in Bangladesh |
| title_full | A Green Approach to Valorizing Abundant Aquatic Weeds for Nutrient-Rich Edible Paper Sheets Production in Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr | A Green Approach to Valorizing Abundant Aquatic Weeds for Nutrient-Rich Edible Paper Sheets Production in Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Green Approach to Valorizing Abundant Aquatic Weeds for Nutrient-Rich Edible Paper Sheets Production in Bangladesh |
| title_short | A Green Approach to Valorizing Abundant Aquatic Weeds for Nutrient-Rich Edible Paper Sheets Production in Bangladesh |
| title_sort | green approach to valorizing abundant aquatic weeds for nutrient rich edible paper sheets production in bangladesh |
| topic | aquatic weeds edible paper proximate composition biofunctional compounds minerals amino acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/5/4/64 |
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