Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical Features
Caspofungin is a drug that is used for fungal infections that are difficult to treat, including invasive aspergillosis and candidemia, as well as other forms of invasive candidiasis. The aim of this study was to incorporate Azone in a caspofungin gel (CPF-AZ-gel) and compare it with a promoter-free...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/4/308 |
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| author | Noelia Pérez-González Lupe Carolina Espinoza María Rincón Lilian Sosa Mireia Mallandrich Joaquim Suñer-Carbó Nuria Bozal-de Febrer Ana Cristina Calpena Beatriz Clares-Naveros |
| author_facet | Noelia Pérez-González Lupe Carolina Espinoza María Rincón Lilian Sosa Mireia Mallandrich Joaquim Suñer-Carbó Nuria Bozal-de Febrer Ana Cristina Calpena Beatriz Clares-Naveros |
| author_sort | Noelia Pérez-González |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Caspofungin is a drug that is used for fungal infections that are difficult to treat, including invasive aspergillosis and candidemia, as well as other forms of invasive candidiasis. The aim of this study was to incorporate Azone in a caspofungin gel (CPF-AZ-gel) and compare it with a promoter-free caspofungin gel (CPF-gel). An in vitro release study using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and ex vivo permeation into human skin was adopted. The tolerability properties were confirmed by histological analysis, and an evaluation of the biomechanical properties of the skin was undertaken. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined against <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida glabrata</i>, <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>, and <i>Candida tropicalis</i>. CPF-AZ-gel and CPF-gel, which had a homogeneous appearance, pseudoplastic behavior, and high spreadability, were obtained. The biopharmaceutical studies confirmed that caspofungin was released following a one-phase exponential association model and the CPF-AZ gel showed a higher release. The CPF-AZ gel showed higher retention of caspofungin in the skin while limiting the diffusion of the drug to the receptor fluid. Both formulations were well-tolerated in the histological sections, as well as after their topical application in the skin. These formulations inhibited the growth of <i>C. glabrata</i>, <i>C. parapsilosis</i>, and <i>C. tropicalis</i>, while <i>C. albicans</i> showed resistance. In summary, dermal treatment with caspofungin could be used as a promising therapy for cutaneous candidiasis in patients that are refractory or intolerant to conventional antifungal agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:00:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad369fc93205468f8317944d786573b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:00:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad369fc93205468f8317944d786573b02023-11-17T19:21:37ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-04-019430810.3390/gels9040308Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical FeaturesNoelia Pérez-González0Lupe Carolina Espinoza1María Rincón2Lilian Sosa3Mireia Mallandrich4Joaquim Suñer-Carbó5Nuria Bozal-de Febrer6Ana Cristina Calpena7Beatriz Clares-Naveros8Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, EcuadorDepartament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C. Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, SpainPharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa 11101, HondurasInstitut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, SpainInstitut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, SpainInstitut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainCaspofungin is a drug that is used for fungal infections that are difficult to treat, including invasive aspergillosis and candidemia, as well as other forms of invasive candidiasis. The aim of this study was to incorporate Azone in a caspofungin gel (CPF-AZ-gel) and compare it with a promoter-free caspofungin gel (CPF-gel). An in vitro release study using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and ex vivo permeation into human skin was adopted. The tolerability properties were confirmed by histological analysis, and an evaluation of the biomechanical properties of the skin was undertaken. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined against <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida glabrata</i>, <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>, and <i>Candida tropicalis</i>. CPF-AZ-gel and CPF-gel, which had a homogeneous appearance, pseudoplastic behavior, and high spreadability, were obtained. The biopharmaceutical studies confirmed that caspofungin was released following a one-phase exponential association model and the CPF-AZ gel showed a higher release. The CPF-AZ gel showed higher retention of caspofungin in the skin while limiting the diffusion of the drug to the receptor fluid. Both formulations were well-tolerated in the histological sections, as well as after their topical application in the skin. These formulations inhibited the growth of <i>C. glabrata</i>, <i>C. parapsilosis</i>, and <i>C. tropicalis</i>, while <i>C. albicans</i> showed resistance. In summary, dermal treatment with caspofungin could be used as a promising therapy for cutaneous candidiasis in patients that are refractory or intolerant to conventional antifungal agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/4/308caspofunginechinocandinAzonecandidiasispermeation enhancergel |
| spellingShingle | Noelia Pérez-González Lupe Carolina Espinoza María Rincón Lilian Sosa Mireia Mallandrich Joaquim Suñer-Carbó Nuria Bozal-de Febrer Ana Cristina Calpena Beatriz Clares-Naveros Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical Features Gels caspofungin echinocandin Azone candidiasis permeation enhancer gel |
| title | Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical Features |
| title_full | Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical Features |
| title_fullStr | Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical Features |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical Features |
| title_short | Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical Features |
| title_sort | gel formulations with an echinocandin for cutaneous candidiasis the influence of azone and transcutol on biopharmaceutical features |
| topic | caspofungin echinocandin Azone candidiasis permeation enhancer gel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/4/308 |
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