Impact of using Iraqi biofuel–kerosene blends on coarse and fine particulate matter emitted from compression ignition engines
Nano and fine particles have caused serious health problems. Despite the continuous decline of their concentrations, the remaining amounts are still considered a problem in compression ignition engines. This study describes the impact of using biokerosene fuel instead of Iraqi diesel, which is chara...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Alexandria Engineering Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016820301824 |
| _version_ | 1823942277922291712 |
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| author | Noor H. Hamza Noora S. Ekaab Miqdam T. Chaichan |
| author_facet | Noor H. Hamza Noora S. Ekaab Miqdam T. Chaichan |
| author_sort | Noor H. Hamza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nano and fine particles have caused serious health problems. Despite the continuous decline of their concentrations, the remaining amounts are still considered a problem in compression ignition engines. This study describes the impact of using biokerosene fuel instead of Iraqi diesel, which is characterised by high sulphur content, on the concentrations of various particulate matter (PM) sizes emitted from engines.A TD 313 Fiat diesel rig (a 4-stroke, 4-cylinder, water-cooled and direct injection engine) was used in the experimental tests. In addition to biofuel (produced from sunflower vegetable oil through a transformation process), Iraqi diesel and kerosene were also used. Four blends were produced, namely, diesel mixed with 10% and 20% volume fractions of biodiesel (denoted as BD 10 and BD 20, respectively) and kerosene added with 10% and 20% biofuel (labelled as KB10 and KB20, respectively).Fuelling the engine with biokerosene significantly reduced PM1.0 by up to 12.3%, 36.65%, 60.92% and 81% and PM2.5 by up to 21.29%, 25%, 41.43% and 51.85% for BD10, BD20, KD10 and KD20, respectively, compared with diesel at varying engine speed. Changing engine load at a constant speed reduced PM10 by up to 12.9%, 21%, 31.6% and 42.7% and total suspended particles by up to 5%, 12%, 21.5% and 25.5% for BD10, BD20, KD10 and KD20, respectively, compared with diesel.The concentrations of all PM sizes were reduced when engine was running at medium speed and load. By contrast, concentrations increased when engine was running at low and high loads and speeds. Results demonstrated that biokerosene is better than biodiesel–diesel blends in reducing PM emissions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T04:37:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad39624868964c37a5703fc9d0ca0b2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1110-0168 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T04:37:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Alexandria Engineering Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad39624868964c37a5703fc9d0ca0b2e2022-12-21T22:03:22ZengElsevierAlexandria Engineering Journal1110-01682020-06-0159317171724Impact of using Iraqi biofuel–kerosene blends on coarse and fine particulate matter emitted from compression ignition enginesNoor H. Hamza0Noora S. Ekaab1Miqdam T. Chaichan2Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, IraqMechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, IraqEnergy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Iraq; Corresponding author.Nano and fine particles have caused serious health problems. Despite the continuous decline of their concentrations, the remaining amounts are still considered a problem in compression ignition engines. This study describes the impact of using biokerosene fuel instead of Iraqi diesel, which is characterised by high sulphur content, on the concentrations of various particulate matter (PM) sizes emitted from engines.A TD 313 Fiat diesel rig (a 4-stroke, 4-cylinder, water-cooled and direct injection engine) was used in the experimental tests. In addition to biofuel (produced from sunflower vegetable oil through a transformation process), Iraqi diesel and kerosene were also used. Four blends were produced, namely, diesel mixed with 10% and 20% volume fractions of biodiesel (denoted as BD 10 and BD 20, respectively) and kerosene added with 10% and 20% biofuel (labelled as KB10 and KB20, respectively).Fuelling the engine with biokerosene significantly reduced PM1.0 by up to 12.3%, 36.65%, 60.92% and 81% and PM2.5 by up to 21.29%, 25%, 41.43% and 51.85% for BD10, BD20, KD10 and KD20, respectively, compared with diesel at varying engine speed. Changing engine load at a constant speed reduced PM10 by up to 12.9%, 21%, 31.6% and 42.7% and total suspended particles by up to 5%, 12%, 21.5% and 25.5% for BD10, BD20, KD10 and KD20, respectively, compared with diesel.The concentrations of all PM sizes were reduced when engine was running at medium speed and load. By contrast, concentrations increased when engine was running at low and high loads and speeds. Results demonstrated that biokerosene is better than biodiesel–diesel blends in reducing PM emissions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016820301824Iraqi dieselBiokeroseneFine particulateCoarse particulateBiofuel |
| spellingShingle | Noor H. Hamza Noora S. Ekaab Miqdam T. Chaichan Impact of using Iraqi biofuel–kerosene blends on coarse and fine particulate matter emitted from compression ignition engines Alexandria Engineering Journal Iraqi diesel Biokerosene Fine particulate Coarse particulate Biofuel |
| title | Impact of using Iraqi biofuel–kerosene blends on coarse and fine particulate matter emitted from compression ignition engines |
| title_full | Impact of using Iraqi biofuel–kerosene blends on coarse and fine particulate matter emitted from compression ignition engines |
| title_fullStr | Impact of using Iraqi biofuel–kerosene blends on coarse and fine particulate matter emitted from compression ignition engines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of using Iraqi biofuel–kerosene blends on coarse and fine particulate matter emitted from compression ignition engines |
| title_short | Impact of using Iraqi biofuel–kerosene blends on coarse and fine particulate matter emitted from compression ignition engines |
| title_sort | impact of using iraqi biofuel kerosene blends on coarse and fine particulate matter emitted from compression ignition engines |
| topic | Iraqi diesel Biokerosene Fine particulate Coarse particulate Biofuel |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016820301824 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT noorhhamza impactofusingiraqibiofuelkeroseneblendsoncoarseandfineparticulatematteremittedfromcompressionignitionengines AT noorasekaab impactofusingiraqibiofuelkeroseneblendsoncoarseandfineparticulatematteremittedfromcompressionignitionengines AT miqdamtchaichan impactofusingiraqibiofuelkeroseneblendsoncoarseandfineparticulatematteremittedfromcompressionignitionengines |