Influence of Wearing Ballistic Vests on Physical Performance of Danish Police Officers: A Cross-Over Study
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the influence of wearing a ballistic vest on physical performance in police officers. Methods: We performed a cross-over study to investigate the influence of wearing a ballistic vest on reaction and response time, lumbar muscle endurance and police vehicle entry and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1795 |
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| author | Henrik Koblauch Mette K. Zebis Mikkel H. Jacobsen Bjarki T. Haraldsson Klaus P. Klinge Tine Alkjær Jesper Bencke Lars L. Andersen |
| author_facet | Henrik Koblauch Mette K. Zebis Mikkel H. Jacobsen Bjarki T. Haraldsson Klaus P. Klinge Tine Alkjær Jesper Bencke Lars L. Andersen |
| author_sort | Henrik Koblauch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: We aimed to investigate the influence of wearing a ballistic vest on physical performance in police officers. Methods: We performed a cross-over study to investigate the influence of wearing a ballistic vest on reaction and response time, lumbar muscle endurance and police vehicle entry and exit times. Reaction and response time was based on a perturbation setup where the officers’ pelvises were fixed and EMG of lumbar and abdominal muscles was recorded. We used a modified Biering–Sørensen test to assess the lumbar muscle endurance and measured duration of entry and exit maneuvers in a variety of standard-issue police cars. Results: There was a significant difference of 24% in the lumbar muscle endurance test (no vest: 151 s vs. vest: 117 s), and the police officers experienced higher physical fatigue after the test when wearing a vest. Furthermore, officers took longer to both enter and exit police cars when wearing a vest (range: 0.24–0.56 s) depending on the model of the vehicle. There were no significant differences in reaction and response times between the test conditions (with/without vest). Discussion and Conclusion: Wearing of a ballistic vest significantly influenced the speed of movement in entry and exit of police cars and lumbar muscle endurance, although it does not seem to affect reaction or response times. The ballistic vest seems to impair performance of tasks that require maximal effort, which calls for better designs of such vests. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:28:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad438792475347449e4c973306a80030 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:28:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad438792475347449e4c973306a800302023-12-03T12:35:05ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-03-01215179510.3390/s21051795Influence of Wearing Ballistic Vests on Physical Performance of Danish Police Officers: A Cross-Over StudyHenrik Koblauch0Mette K. Zebis1Mikkel H. Jacobsen2Bjarki T. Haraldsson3Klaus P. Klinge4Tine Alkjær5Jesper Bencke6Lars L. Andersen7Department of Physiotherapy, University College Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkDepartment of Physiotherapy, University College Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational Therapy, University College Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkDepartment of Physiotherapy, University College Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkDanish National Police, 1780 Copenhagen V, DenmarkDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkHuman Movement Analysis Laboratory, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, DenmarkNational Research Centre for Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkPurpose: We aimed to investigate the influence of wearing a ballistic vest on physical performance in police officers. Methods: We performed a cross-over study to investigate the influence of wearing a ballistic vest on reaction and response time, lumbar muscle endurance and police vehicle entry and exit times. Reaction and response time was based on a perturbation setup where the officers’ pelvises were fixed and EMG of lumbar and abdominal muscles was recorded. We used a modified Biering–Sørensen test to assess the lumbar muscle endurance and measured duration of entry and exit maneuvers in a variety of standard-issue police cars. Results: There was a significant difference of 24% in the lumbar muscle endurance test (no vest: 151 s vs. vest: 117 s), and the police officers experienced higher physical fatigue after the test when wearing a vest. Furthermore, officers took longer to both enter and exit police cars when wearing a vest (range: 0.24–0.56 s) depending on the model of the vehicle. There were no significant differences in reaction and response times between the test conditions (with/without vest). Discussion and Conclusion: Wearing of a ballistic vest significantly influenced the speed of movement in entry and exit of police cars and lumbar muscle endurance, although it does not seem to affect reaction or response times. The ballistic vest seems to impair performance of tasks that require maximal effort, which calls for better designs of such vests.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1795police officersballistic vestEMGlumbar spinepatrol vehiclesmuscle endurance |
| spellingShingle | Henrik Koblauch Mette K. Zebis Mikkel H. Jacobsen Bjarki T. Haraldsson Klaus P. Klinge Tine Alkjær Jesper Bencke Lars L. Andersen Influence of Wearing Ballistic Vests on Physical Performance of Danish Police Officers: A Cross-Over Study Sensors police officers ballistic vest EMG lumbar spine patrol vehicles muscle endurance |
| title | Influence of Wearing Ballistic Vests on Physical Performance of Danish Police Officers: A Cross-Over Study |
| title_full | Influence of Wearing Ballistic Vests on Physical Performance of Danish Police Officers: A Cross-Over Study |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Wearing Ballistic Vests on Physical Performance of Danish Police Officers: A Cross-Over Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Wearing Ballistic Vests on Physical Performance of Danish Police Officers: A Cross-Over Study |
| title_short | Influence of Wearing Ballistic Vests on Physical Performance of Danish Police Officers: A Cross-Over Study |
| title_sort | influence of wearing ballistic vests on physical performance of danish police officers a cross over study |
| topic | police officers ballistic vest EMG lumbar spine patrol vehicles muscle endurance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1795 |
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