Noncardiac Versus Cardiac Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Background A thorough analysis of noncardiac determinants of mortality in heart failure (HF) is missing. Furthermore, evidence conflicts on the outcome of patients with HF and no or mild systolic dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of noncardiac and cardiac causes of death in a cohor...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.013441 |
| _version_ | 1811321799840890880 |
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| author | Giuseppe Vergaro Nicolò Ghionzoli Lisa Innocenti Claudia Taddei Alberto Giannoni Alessandro Valleggi Chiara Borrelli Michele Senni Claudio Passino Michele Emdin |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Vergaro Nicolò Ghionzoli Lisa Innocenti Claudia Taddei Alberto Giannoni Alessandro Valleggi Chiara Borrelli Michele Senni Claudio Passino Michele Emdin |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Vergaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background A thorough analysis of noncardiac determinants of mortality in heart failure (HF) is missing. Furthermore, evidence conflicts on the outcome of patients with HF and no or mild systolic dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of noncardiac and cardiac causes of death in a cohort of chronic HF patients, covering the whole spectrum of systolic function. Methods and Results We enrolled 2791 stable HF patients, classified into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; left ventricular ejection fraction [EF] <40%), HR with midrange EF (HFmrEF; left ventricular EF 41–49%), or HF with preserved EF (HFpEF; left ventricular EF ≥50%), and followed up for all‐cause, cardiac, and noncardiac mortality (adjudicated as due to cancer, sepsis, respiratory disease, renal disease, or other causes). Over follow‐up of 39 months, adjusted mortality was lower in HFpEF and HFmrEF versus HFrEF (hazard ratio: 0.75 [95% CI, 0.67–0.84], P<0.001 for HFpEF; hazard ratio: 0.78 [95% CI, 0.63–0.96], P=0.017 for HFmrEF). HFrEF had the highest rates of cardiac death, whereas noncardiac mortality was similar across left ventricular EF categories. Noncardiac causes accounted for 62% of deaths in HFpEF, 54% in HFmrEF and 35% in HFrEF; cancer was twice as frequent as a cause of death in HFpEF and HFmrEF versus HFrEF. Yearly rates of noncardiac death exceeded those of cardiac death since the beginning of follow‐up in HFpEF and HFmrEF. Conclusions Noncardiac death is a major determinant of outcome in stable HF, exceeding cardiac‐related mortality in HFpEF and HFmrHF. Comorbidities should be regarded as main therapeutic targets and objects of dedicated quality improvement initiatives, especially in patients with no or mild systolic dysfunction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:24:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad46b017512d469c906893c01359d40a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:24:08Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad46b017512d469c906893c01359d40a2022-12-22T02:45:13ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802019-10-0182010.1161/JAHA.119.013441Noncardiac Versus Cardiac Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection FractionGiuseppe Vergaro0Nicolò Ghionzoli1Lisa Innocenti2Claudia Taddei3Alberto Giannoni4Alessandro Valleggi5Chiara Borrelli6Michele Senni7Claudio Passino8Michele Emdin9Institute of Life Sciences Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa ItalyDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio Pisa ItalyDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio Pisa ItalyDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio Pisa ItalyInstitute of Life Sciences Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa ItalyDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio Pisa ItalyDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio Pisa ItalyCardiology Division Cardiovascular Department Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Bergamo ItalyInstitute of Life Sciences Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa ItalyInstitute of Life Sciences Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa ItalyBackground A thorough analysis of noncardiac determinants of mortality in heart failure (HF) is missing. Furthermore, evidence conflicts on the outcome of patients with HF and no or mild systolic dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of noncardiac and cardiac causes of death in a cohort of chronic HF patients, covering the whole spectrum of systolic function. Methods and Results We enrolled 2791 stable HF patients, classified into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; left ventricular ejection fraction [EF] <40%), HR with midrange EF (HFmrEF; left ventricular EF 41–49%), or HF with preserved EF (HFpEF; left ventricular EF ≥50%), and followed up for all‐cause, cardiac, and noncardiac mortality (adjudicated as due to cancer, sepsis, respiratory disease, renal disease, or other causes). Over follow‐up of 39 months, adjusted mortality was lower in HFpEF and HFmrEF versus HFrEF (hazard ratio: 0.75 [95% CI, 0.67–0.84], P<0.001 for HFpEF; hazard ratio: 0.78 [95% CI, 0.63–0.96], P=0.017 for HFmrEF). HFrEF had the highest rates of cardiac death, whereas noncardiac mortality was similar across left ventricular EF categories. Noncardiac causes accounted for 62% of deaths in HFpEF, 54% in HFmrEF and 35% in HFrEF; cancer was twice as frequent as a cause of death in HFpEF and HFmrEF versus HFrEF. Yearly rates of noncardiac death exceeded those of cardiac death since the beginning of follow‐up in HFpEF and HFmrEF. Conclusions Noncardiac death is a major determinant of outcome in stable HF, exceeding cardiac‐related mortality in HFpEF and HFmrHF. Comorbidities should be regarded as main therapeutic targets and objects of dedicated quality improvement initiatives, especially in patients with no or mild systolic dysfunction.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.013441comorbidities heart failureheart failuremortalityprognosis |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Vergaro Nicolò Ghionzoli Lisa Innocenti Claudia Taddei Alberto Giannoni Alessandro Valleggi Chiara Borrelli Michele Senni Claudio Passino Michele Emdin Noncardiac Versus Cardiac Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection Fraction Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease comorbidities heart failure heart failure mortality prognosis |
| title | Noncardiac Versus Cardiac Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection Fraction |
| title_full | Noncardiac Versus Cardiac Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection Fraction |
| title_fullStr | Noncardiac Versus Cardiac Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection Fraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Noncardiac Versus Cardiac Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection Fraction |
| title_short | Noncardiac Versus Cardiac Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection Fraction |
| title_sort | noncardiac versus cardiac mortality in heart failure with preserved midrange and reduced ejection fraction |
| topic | comorbidities heart failure heart failure mortality prognosis |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.013441 |
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