Effects of uniform vertical inflow perturbations on the performance of flapping wings
Flapping wings have attracted significant interest for use in miniature unmanned flying vehicles. Although numerous studies have investigated the performance of flapping wings under quiescent conditions, effects of freestream disturbances on their performance remain under-explored. In this study, we...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
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| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210471 |
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| author | Soudeh Mazharmanesh Jace Stallard Albert Medina Alex Fisher Noriyasu Ando Fang-Bao Tian John Young Sridhar Ravi |
| author_facet | Soudeh Mazharmanesh Jace Stallard Albert Medina Alex Fisher Noriyasu Ando Fang-Bao Tian John Young Sridhar Ravi |
| author_sort | Soudeh Mazharmanesh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flapping wings have attracted significant interest for use in miniature unmanned flying vehicles. Although numerous studies have investigated the performance of flapping wings under quiescent conditions, effects of freestream disturbances on their performance remain under-explored. In this study, we experimentally investigated the effects of uniform vertical inflows on flapping wings using a Reynolds-scaled apparatus operating in water at Reynolds number ≈ 3600. The overall lift and drag produced by a flapping wing were measured by varying the magnitude of inflow perturbation from JVert = −1 (downward inflow) to JVert = 1 (upward inflow), where JVert is the ratio of the inflow velocity to the wing's velocity. The interaction between flapping wing and downward-oriented inflows resulted in a steady linear reduction in mean lift and drag coefficients, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], with increasing inflow magnitude. While a steady linear increase in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was noted for upward-oriented inflows between 0 < JVert < 0.3 and JVert > 0.7, a significant unsteady wing–wake interaction occurred when 0.3 ≤ JVert < 0.7, which caused large variations in instantaneous forces over the wing and led to a reduction in mean performance. These findings highlight asymmetrical effects of vertically oriented perturbations on the performance of flapping wings and pave the way for development of suitable control strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T21:51:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad4b64ccb59144238e02f476e4296f75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T21:51:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad4b64ccb59144238e02f476e4296f752022-12-21T20:04:23ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032021-06-018610.1098/rsos.210471Effects of uniform vertical inflow perturbations on the performance of flapping wingsSoudeh Mazharmanesh0Jace Stallard1Albert Medina2Alex Fisher3Noriyasu Ando4Fang-Bao Tian5John Young6Sridhar Ravi7School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, AustraliaUS Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USASchool of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, AustraliaDepartment of System Life Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi 371-0816, JapanSchool of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, AustraliaFlapping wings have attracted significant interest for use in miniature unmanned flying vehicles. Although numerous studies have investigated the performance of flapping wings under quiescent conditions, effects of freestream disturbances on their performance remain under-explored. In this study, we experimentally investigated the effects of uniform vertical inflows on flapping wings using a Reynolds-scaled apparatus operating in water at Reynolds number ≈ 3600. The overall lift and drag produced by a flapping wing were measured by varying the magnitude of inflow perturbation from JVert = −1 (downward inflow) to JVert = 1 (upward inflow), where JVert is the ratio of the inflow velocity to the wing's velocity. The interaction between flapping wing and downward-oriented inflows resulted in a steady linear reduction in mean lift and drag coefficients, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], with increasing inflow magnitude. While a steady linear increase in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was noted for upward-oriented inflows between 0 < JVert < 0.3 and JVert > 0.7, a significant unsteady wing–wake interaction occurred when 0.3 ≤ JVert < 0.7, which caused large variations in instantaneous forces over the wing and led to a reduction in mean performance. These findings highlight asymmetrical effects of vertically oriented perturbations on the performance of flapping wings and pave the way for development of suitable control strategies.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210471flapping wingswind gustsvertical inflowsdisturbanceswake interaction |
| spellingShingle | Soudeh Mazharmanesh Jace Stallard Albert Medina Alex Fisher Noriyasu Ando Fang-Bao Tian John Young Sridhar Ravi Effects of uniform vertical inflow perturbations on the performance of flapping wings Royal Society Open Science flapping wings wind gusts vertical inflows disturbances wake interaction |
| title | Effects of uniform vertical inflow perturbations on the performance of flapping wings |
| title_full | Effects of uniform vertical inflow perturbations on the performance of flapping wings |
| title_fullStr | Effects of uniform vertical inflow perturbations on the performance of flapping wings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of uniform vertical inflow perturbations on the performance of flapping wings |
| title_short | Effects of uniform vertical inflow perturbations on the performance of flapping wings |
| title_sort | effects of uniform vertical inflow perturbations on the performance of flapping wings |
| topic | flapping wings wind gusts vertical inflows disturbances wake interaction |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210471 |
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