A global gridded ocean salinity dataset with 0.5° horizontal resolution since 1960 for the upper 2000 m
A gridded salinity dataset with high resolution is essential for investigating global ocean salinity variability and understanding its role in climate and the ocean ecosystem. In this study, a new version of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics gridded salinity dataset with a higher resolution (0.5°...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1108919/full |
| _version_ | 1797866315708366848 |
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| author | Guancheng Li Guancheng Li Guancheng Li Lijing Cheng Lijing Cheng Yuying Pan Yuying Pan Gongjie Wang Hailong Liu Hailong Liu Jiang Zhu Jiang Zhu Bin Zhang Huanping Ren Xutao Wang |
| author_facet | Guancheng Li Guancheng Li Guancheng Li Lijing Cheng Lijing Cheng Yuying Pan Yuying Pan Gongjie Wang Hailong Liu Hailong Liu Jiang Zhu Jiang Zhu Bin Zhang Huanping Ren Xutao Wang |
| author_sort | Guancheng Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A gridded salinity dataset with high resolution is essential for investigating global ocean salinity variability and understanding its role in climate and the ocean ecosystem. In this study, a new version of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics gridded salinity dataset with a higher resolution (0.5° by 0.5°) is provided by using a revised ensemble optimal interpolation scheme with a dynamic ensemble. The performance of this dataset is evaluated using “subsample test” and the high-resolution satellite-based data. Compared with the previous 1° by 1° resolution IAP product, the new dataset is more capable of representing regional salinity changes with the meso-scale and small-scale signals (i.e., in the coastal and boundary currents regions), meanwhile, maintains the large-scale structure and variability. Therefore, the new dataset complements the previous data product. Besides, the new dataset is compared with in situ observations and several international salinity products for the salinity multiscale variabilities and patterns. The comparison shows the smaller magnitude of mean difference and Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) in basin scale for the new dataset, some differences in strength and fine structure of the “fresh gets fresher, salty gets saltier” surface and subsurface salinity pattern amplification trends from 1980 to 2017, a broad similarity for the salinity changes associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and a consistent salinity dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean (S-IOD). These results support the future use of gridded salinity data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:22:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad4de054a5f241fca5de23d1398b5a2c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:22:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad4de054a5f241fca5de23d1398b5a2c2023-03-21T15:11:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-03-011010.3389/fmars.2023.11089191108919A global gridded ocean salinity dataset with 0.5° horizontal resolution since 1960 for the upper 2000 mGuancheng Li0Guancheng Li1Guancheng Li2Lijing Cheng3Lijing Cheng4Yuying Pan5Yuying Pan6Gongjie Wang7Hailong Liu8Hailong Liu9Jiang Zhu10Jiang Zhu11Bin Zhang12Huanping Ren13Xutao Wang14Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaEco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, ChinaCenter for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCenter for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCenter for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaPeople’s liberation Army (PLA) 31526 Troops, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCenter for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaEco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, ChinaA gridded salinity dataset with high resolution is essential for investigating global ocean salinity variability and understanding its role in climate and the ocean ecosystem. In this study, a new version of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics gridded salinity dataset with a higher resolution (0.5° by 0.5°) is provided by using a revised ensemble optimal interpolation scheme with a dynamic ensemble. The performance of this dataset is evaluated using “subsample test” and the high-resolution satellite-based data. Compared with the previous 1° by 1° resolution IAP product, the new dataset is more capable of representing regional salinity changes with the meso-scale and small-scale signals (i.e., in the coastal and boundary currents regions), meanwhile, maintains the large-scale structure and variability. Therefore, the new dataset complements the previous data product. Besides, the new dataset is compared with in situ observations and several international salinity products for the salinity multiscale variabilities and patterns. The comparison shows the smaller magnitude of mean difference and Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) in basin scale for the new dataset, some differences in strength and fine structure of the “fresh gets fresher, salty gets saltier” surface and subsurface salinity pattern amplification trends from 1980 to 2017, a broad similarity for the salinity changes associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and a consistent salinity dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean (S-IOD). These results support the future use of gridded salinity data.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1108919/fullOcean salinitymapping methodclimate variabilityobservationsclimate change |
| spellingShingle | Guancheng Li Guancheng Li Guancheng Li Lijing Cheng Lijing Cheng Yuying Pan Yuying Pan Gongjie Wang Hailong Liu Hailong Liu Jiang Zhu Jiang Zhu Bin Zhang Huanping Ren Xutao Wang A global gridded ocean salinity dataset with 0.5° horizontal resolution since 1960 for the upper 2000 m Frontiers in Marine Science Ocean salinity mapping method climate variability observations climate change |
| title | A global gridded ocean salinity dataset with 0.5° horizontal resolution since 1960 for the upper 2000 m |
| title_full | A global gridded ocean salinity dataset with 0.5° horizontal resolution since 1960 for the upper 2000 m |
| title_fullStr | A global gridded ocean salinity dataset with 0.5° horizontal resolution since 1960 for the upper 2000 m |
| title_full_unstemmed | A global gridded ocean salinity dataset with 0.5° horizontal resolution since 1960 for the upper 2000 m |
| title_short | A global gridded ocean salinity dataset with 0.5° horizontal resolution since 1960 for the upper 2000 m |
| title_sort | global gridded ocean salinity dataset with 0 5° horizontal resolution since 1960 for the upper 2000 m |
| topic | Ocean salinity mapping method climate variability observations climate change |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1108919/full |
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