Current knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the Strait of Magellan surface microbiome project
Host-microbe interactions are ubiquitous and play important roles in host biology, ecology, and evolution. Yet, host-microbe research has focused on inland species, whereas marine hosts and their associated microbes remain largely unexplored, especially in developing countries in the Southern Hemisp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/15978.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797423727202271232 |
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| author | Manuel Ochoa-Sánchez Eliana Paola Acuña Gomez Lia Ramírez-Fenández Luis E. Eguiarte Valeria Souza |
| author_facet | Manuel Ochoa-Sánchez Eliana Paola Acuña Gomez Lia Ramírez-Fenández Luis E. Eguiarte Valeria Souza |
| author_sort | Manuel Ochoa-Sánchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Host-microbe interactions are ubiquitous and play important roles in host biology, ecology, and evolution. Yet, host-microbe research has focused on inland species, whereas marine hosts and their associated microbes remain largely unexplored, especially in developing countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we review the current knowledge of marine host microbiomes in the Southern Hemisphere. Our results revealed important biases in marine host species sampling for studies conducted in the Southern Hemisphere, where sponges and marine mammals have received the greatest attention. Sponge-associated microbes vary greatly across geographic regions and species. Nevertheless, besides taxonomic heterogeneity, sponge microbiomes have functional consistency, whereas geography and aging are important drivers of marine mammal microbiomes. Seabird and macroalgal microbiomes in the Southern Hemisphere were also common. Most seabird microbiome has focused on feces, whereas macroalgal microbiome has focused on the epibiotic community. Important drivers of seabird fecal microbiome are aging, sex, and species-specific factors. In contrast, host-derived deterministic factors drive the macroalgal epibiotic microbiome, in a process known as “microbial gardening”. In turn, marine invertebrates (especially crustaceans) and fish microbiomes have received less attention in the Southern Hemisphere. In general, the predominant approach to study host marine microbiomes has been the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Interestingly, there are some marine holobiont studies (i.e., studies that simultaneously analyze host (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics) and microbiome (e.g., 16S rRNA gene, metagenome) traits), but only in some marine invertebrates and macroalgae from Africa and Australia. Finally, we introduce an ongoing project on the surface microbiome of key species in the Strait of Magellan. This is an international project that will provide novel microbiome information of several species in the Strait of Magellan. In the short-term, the project will improve our knowledge about microbial diversity in the region, while long-term potential benefits include the use of these data to assess host-microbial responses to the Anthropocene derived climate change. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:51:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad53664c49f44f8589ab1159683dd228 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:51:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad53664c49f44f8589ab1159683dd2282023-12-03T01:35:18ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-10-0111e1597810.7717/peerj.15978Current knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the Strait of Magellan surface microbiome projectManuel Ochoa-Sánchez0Eliana Paola Acuña Gomez1Lia Ramírez-Fenández2Luis E. Eguiarte3Valeria Souza4Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego, Patagonia y Antártica (CEQUA), Punta Arenas, ChileCentro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego, Patagonia y Antártica (CEQUA), Punta Arenas, ChileFacultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, ChileInstituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MéxicoCentro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego, Patagonia y Antártica (CEQUA), Punta Arenas, ChileHost-microbe interactions are ubiquitous and play important roles in host biology, ecology, and evolution. Yet, host-microbe research has focused on inland species, whereas marine hosts and their associated microbes remain largely unexplored, especially in developing countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we review the current knowledge of marine host microbiomes in the Southern Hemisphere. Our results revealed important biases in marine host species sampling for studies conducted in the Southern Hemisphere, where sponges and marine mammals have received the greatest attention. Sponge-associated microbes vary greatly across geographic regions and species. Nevertheless, besides taxonomic heterogeneity, sponge microbiomes have functional consistency, whereas geography and aging are important drivers of marine mammal microbiomes. Seabird and macroalgal microbiomes in the Southern Hemisphere were also common. Most seabird microbiome has focused on feces, whereas macroalgal microbiome has focused on the epibiotic community. Important drivers of seabird fecal microbiome are aging, sex, and species-specific factors. In contrast, host-derived deterministic factors drive the macroalgal epibiotic microbiome, in a process known as “microbial gardening”. In turn, marine invertebrates (especially crustaceans) and fish microbiomes have received less attention in the Southern Hemisphere. In general, the predominant approach to study host marine microbiomes has been the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Interestingly, there are some marine holobiont studies (i.e., studies that simultaneously analyze host (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics) and microbiome (e.g., 16S rRNA gene, metagenome) traits), but only in some marine invertebrates and macroalgae from Africa and Australia. Finally, we introduce an ongoing project on the surface microbiome of key species in the Strait of Magellan. This is an international project that will provide novel microbiome information of several species in the Strait of Magellan. In the short-term, the project will improve our knowledge about microbial diversity in the region, while long-term potential benefits include the use of these data to assess host-microbial responses to the Anthropocene derived climate change.https://peerj.com/articles/15978.pdfCetacean microbiomeCrustacean microbiomeMacroalgae microbiomeMarine host microbiomeMarine invertebrateSeabird microbiome |
| spellingShingle | Manuel Ochoa-Sánchez Eliana Paola Acuña Gomez Lia Ramírez-Fenández Luis E. Eguiarte Valeria Souza Current knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the Strait of Magellan surface microbiome project PeerJ Cetacean microbiome Crustacean microbiome Macroalgae microbiome Marine host microbiome Marine invertebrate Seabird microbiome |
| title | Current knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the Strait of Magellan surface microbiome project |
| title_full | Current knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the Strait of Magellan surface microbiome project |
| title_fullStr | Current knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the Strait of Magellan surface microbiome project |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the Strait of Magellan surface microbiome project |
| title_short | Current knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the Strait of Magellan surface microbiome project |
| title_sort | current knowledge of the southern hemisphere marine microbiome in eukaryotic hosts and the strait of magellan surface microbiome project |
| topic | Cetacean microbiome Crustacean microbiome Macroalgae microbiome Marine host microbiome Marine invertebrate Seabird microbiome |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/15978.pdf |
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