CO<sub>2</sub> Liquefaction Close to the Triple Point Pressure
For vessel-based transport of liquid CO<sub>2</sub> in carbon capture and storage chains, transport at 8 bar(a) enable significant cost reductions compared to transport at higher pressures for most transport distances and volumes. Transport at even lower pressures could further reduce th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8220 |
| _version_ | 1827672867298344960 |
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| author | Stian Trædal Jacob Hans Georg Stang Ingrid Snustad Martin Viktor Johansson David Berstad |
| author_facet | Stian Trædal Jacob Hans Georg Stang Ingrid Snustad Martin Viktor Johansson David Berstad |
| author_sort | Stian Trædal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For vessel-based transport of liquid CO<sub>2</sub> in carbon capture and storage chains, transport at 8 bar(a) enable significant cost reductions compared to transport at higher pressures for most transport distances and volumes. Transport at even lower pressures could further reduce the costs. There are, however, concerns related to dry ice formation and potential clogging in parts of the chain that could lead to operational issues when operating close to the triple point pressure of CO<sub>2</sub>. In this paper, results from an experimental campaign to de-risk and gain operational experience from the low-pressure CO<sub>2</sub> liquefaction process are described. Six experiments using pure CO<sub>2</sub> or CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> mixtures are presented. In four of the experiments, the liquid product pressure was continuously lowered until dry ice was detected and eventually clogged the system. In the final two experiments, the liquefaction process was run in steady-state at low liquefaction pressures for five hours to ensure that there is no undetected dry ice in the process that could lead to accumulation and operational issues over time. These experiments demonstrate that pure CO<sub>2</sub> can be safely liquefied at 5.8 bar(a) and a CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> mixture can be liquefied at 6.5 bar(a) without issues related to dry ice formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:14:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad5998c662084c77bc301b93a03d391a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:14:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad5998c662084c77bc301b93a03d391a2023-11-23T08:04:10ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-12-011424822010.3390/en14248220CO<sub>2</sub> Liquefaction Close to the Triple Point PressureStian Trædal0Jacob Hans Georg Stang1Ingrid Snustad2Martin Viktor Johansson3David Berstad4SINTEF Energy Research, 7034 Trondheim, NorwaySINTEF Energy Research, 7034 Trondheim, NorwaySINTEF Energy Research, 7034 Trondheim, NorwaySINTEF Energy Research, 7034 Trondheim, NorwaySINTEF Energy Research, 7034 Trondheim, NorwayFor vessel-based transport of liquid CO<sub>2</sub> in carbon capture and storage chains, transport at 8 bar(a) enable significant cost reductions compared to transport at higher pressures for most transport distances and volumes. Transport at even lower pressures could further reduce the costs. There are, however, concerns related to dry ice formation and potential clogging in parts of the chain that could lead to operational issues when operating close to the triple point pressure of CO<sub>2</sub>. In this paper, results from an experimental campaign to de-risk and gain operational experience from the low-pressure CO<sub>2</sub> liquefaction process are described. Six experiments using pure CO<sub>2</sub> or CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> mixtures are presented. In four of the experiments, the liquid product pressure was continuously lowered until dry ice was detected and eventually clogged the system. In the final two experiments, the liquefaction process was run in steady-state at low liquefaction pressures for five hours to ensure that there is no undetected dry ice in the process that could lead to accumulation and operational issues over time. These experiments demonstrate that pure CO<sub>2</sub> can be safely liquefied at 5.8 bar(a) and a CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> mixture can be liquefied at 6.5 bar(a) without issues related to dry ice formation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8220CO<sub>2</sub> liquefactionlow-pressureliquid CO<sub>2</sub>carbon capture and storageship transport |
| spellingShingle | Stian Trædal Jacob Hans Georg Stang Ingrid Snustad Martin Viktor Johansson David Berstad CO<sub>2</sub> Liquefaction Close to the Triple Point Pressure Energies CO<sub>2</sub> liquefaction low-pressure liquid CO<sub>2</sub> carbon capture and storage ship transport |
| title | CO<sub>2</sub> Liquefaction Close to the Triple Point Pressure |
| title_full | CO<sub>2</sub> Liquefaction Close to the Triple Point Pressure |
| title_fullStr | CO<sub>2</sub> Liquefaction Close to the Triple Point Pressure |
| title_full_unstemmed | CO<sub>2</sub> Liquefaction Close to the Triple Point Pressure |
| title_short | CO<sub>2</sub> Liquefaction Close to the Triple Point Pressure |
| title_sort | co sub 2 sub liquefaction close to the triple point pressure |
| topic | CO<sub>2</sub> liquefaction low-pressure liquid CO<sub>2</sub> carbon capture and storage ship transport |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8220 |
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