F,O,S-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is a metal-free heterogeneous catalyst that has attracted attention because of its good chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. In the work presented herein, F,O,S-codoped carbon nitride w...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| author | Alberto Santiago-Aliste Eva Sánchez-Hernández Celia Andrés-Juan Pedro Chamorro-Posada Guillermo Antorrena Jesús Martín-Gil Pablo Martín-Ramos |
| author_facet | Alberto Santiago-Aliste Eva Sánchez-Hernández Celia Andrés-Juan Pedro Chamorro-Posada Guillermo Antorrena Jesús Martín-Gil Pablo Martín-Ramos |
| author_sort | Alberto Santiago-Aliste |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is a metal-free heterogeneous catalyst that has attracted attention because of its good chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. In the work presented herein, F,O,S-codoped carbon nitride was synthesized by heating a mixture of melamine cyanurate and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid at 550 °C for 50 min. The obtained product was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, CHNS elemental analysis, total combustion-ion chromatography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results point to an F,O,S-codoped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The material was applied as a photocatalyst for the formation of benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles by condensation–aromatization of 2-aminophenol or 1,2-phenylenediamine with suitable aldehydes (viz. benzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 2-naphthaldehyde, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-methoxybenzaldehyde), obtaining yields of up to 90% in 15 min under visible light irradiation, with good selectivity and reusability. Thus, the reported findings suggest that this F,O,S-codoped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> may hold promise as a metal-free photocatalyst for the rapid synthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazoles and 2-arylbenzimidazoles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:01:09Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:01:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ad5fb428e6784ceb9815c32c55fe8d7a2023-11-16T19:42:23ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442023-02-0113238510.3390/catal13020385F,O,S-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and BenzimidazolesAlberto Santiago-Aliste0Eva Sánchez-Hernández1Celia Andrés-Juan2Pedro Chamorro-Posada3Guillermo Antorrena4Jesús Martín-Gil5Pablo Martín-Ramos6Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, SpainDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, SpainGIR Asymmetric Synthesis, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Theory of Signal and Communications and Telematic Engineering, ETSIT, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, 47011 Valladolid, SpainLaboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Edificio I+D, Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, SpainDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, SpainGraphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is a metal-free heterogeneous catalyst that has attracted attention because of its good chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. In the work presented herein, F,O,S-codoped carbon nitride was synthesized by heating a mixture of melamine cyanurate and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid at 550 °C for 50 min. The obtained product was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, CHNS elemental analysis, total combustion-ion chromatography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results point to an F,O,S-codoped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The material was applied as a photocatalyst for the formation of benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles by condensation–aromatization of 2-aminophenol or 1,2-phenylenediamine with suitable aldehydes (viz. benzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 2-naphthaldehyde, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-methoxybenzaldehyde), obtaining yields of up to 90% in 15 min under visible light irradiation, with good selectivity and reusability. Thus, the reported findings suggest that this F,O,S-codoped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> may hold promise as a metal-free photocatalyst for the rapid synthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazoles and 2-arylbenzimidazoles.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/2/385photocatalytic synthesisdoped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>2-arylbenzoxazoles2-arylbenzimidazoles |
| spellingShingle | Alberto Santiago-Aliste Eva Sánchez-Hernández Celia Andrés-Juan Pedro Chamorro-Posada Guillermo Antorrena Jesús Martín-Gil Pablo Martín-Ramos F,O,S-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles Catalysts photocatalytic synthesis doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> 2-arylbenzoxazoles 2-arylbenzimidazoles |
| title | F,O,S-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles |
| title_full | F,O,S-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles |
| title_fullStr | F,O,S-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles |
| title_full_unstemmed | F,O,S-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles |
| title_short | F,O,S-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles |
| title_sort | f o s codoped graphitic carbon nitride as an efficient photocatalyst for the synthesis of benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles |
| topic | photocatalytic synthesis doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> 2-arylbenzoxazoles 2-arylbenzimidazoles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/2/385 |
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