Correlations among large igneous provinces related to the West Gondwana breakup: A geochemical database reappraisal of Early Cretaceous plumbing systems
The opening and spreading of the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and South America evolved during the Early Cretaceous and were preceded by dramatic tholeiitic (mafic) magmatism and minor silicic and alkaline volcanism. These features are presently recognized from the equatorial regions of Brazil and...
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Elsevier
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Geoscience Frontiers |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987122001323 |
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| author | Antomat A. Macêdo Filho Maria Helena B.M. Hollanda Stephen Fraser Alisson L. Oliveira Alanny C.C. Melo Alana R. Dantas |
| author_facet | Antomat A. Macêdo Filho Maria Helena B.M. Hollanda Stephen Fraser Alisson L. Oliveira Alanny C.C. Melo Alana R. Dantas |
| author_sort | Antomat A. Macêdo Filho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The opening and spreading of the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and South America evolved during the Early Cretaceous and were preceded by dramatic tholeiitic (mafic) magmatism and minor silicic and alkaline volcanism. These features are presently recognized from the equatorial regions of Brazil and Africa to the Falklands and South Africa. In southeastern South America, continental flood basalts and related plumbing systems constitute the Paraná Magmatic Province (PMP), whose African counterpart is the Etendeka Magmatic Province (EMP). In northeastern Brazil, dike swarms and sill complexes compose the Equatorial Atlantic Magmatic Province (EQUAMP). As a common feature, these provinces are chemically represented by two prevalent magma types: (1) tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites with low Ti (TiO2 < ∼2 wt.%), also including transitional Ti tholeiites with TiO2 ∼ 2.7–1.7 wt.%, and low incompatible element contents. This type is predominantly found in the southern PMP and EMP, with minor occurrences in the EQUAMP. (2) Tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites with high Ti (TiO2 > ∼2 wt.%) and incompatible element contents. High Ti tholeiites are relevant in the northern PMP and EMP, and dominant in EQUAMP. Evolved rocks (SiO2 = 57–65 wt.%) interpreted as byproducts of assimilation and/or fractional crystallization (AFC) processes from high Ti tholeiitic magmas, are scarce (but present) in all three provinces. An accurate analysis of multivariable databases collected from the literature for dikes and sills, including major and trace element and radiogenic isotope data, reveals close similarities in their geochemical signatures. In a paleogeographic reconstruction of West Gondwana, the intrusive remnants of the PMP, EMP and EQUAMP are spread over an area of nearly 10 × 106 km2, forming perhaps the most extensive set of plumbing systems on Earth, with a relatively consistent chronology based on a vast collection of K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar data available in the literature. This work provides the first comprehensive data comparison to support the existence of what may have been a single intercontinental-scale magmatic province of West Gondwana. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:13:01Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1674-9871 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:13:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ad675e6d1f5f4afebfe2c87c2fdd86ee2023-09-02T10:45:44ZengElsevierGeoscience Frontiers1674-98712023-01-01141101479Correlations among large igneous provinces related to the West Gondwana breakup: A geochemical database reappraisal of Early Cretaceous plumbing systemsAntomat A. Macêdo Filho0Maria Helena B.M. Hollanda1Stephen Fraser2Alisson L. Oliveira3Alanny C.C. Melo4Alana R. Dantas5Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-080, São Paulo, Brazil; W.H. Bryan Mining & Geology Research Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, QLD 4072, Australia; Corresponding author at: Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-080, São Paulo, Brazil.Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-080, São Paulo, BrazilW.H. Bryan Mining & Geology Research Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, QLD 4072, AustraliaInstituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-080, São Paulo, BrazilW.H. Bryan Mining & Geology Research Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, QLD 4072, Australia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geodinâmica e Geofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário S/N, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970 Natal, RN, BrazilInstituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-080, São Paulo, BrazilThe opening and spreading of the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and South America evolved during the Early Cretaceous and were preceded by dramatic tholeiitic (mafic) magmatism and minor silicic and alkaline volcanism. These features are presently recognized from the equatorial regions of Brazil and Africa to the Falklands and South Africa. In southeastern South America, continental flood basalts and related plumbing systems constitute the Paraná Magmatic Province (PMP), whose African counterpart is the Etendeka Magmatic Province (EMP). In northeastern Brazil, dike swarms and sill complexes compose the Equatorial Atlantic Magmatic Province (EQUAMP). As a common feature, these provinces are chemically represented by two prevalent magma types: (1) tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites with low Ti (TiO2 < ∼2 wt.%), also including transitional Ti tholeiites with TiO2 ∼ 2.7–1.7 wt.%, and low incompatible element contents. This type is predominantly found in the southern PMP and EMP, with minor occurrences in the EQUAMP. (2) Tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites with high Ti (TiO2 > ∼2 wt.%) and incompatible element contents. High Ti tholeiites are relevant in the northern PMP and EMP, and dominant in EQUAMP. Evolved rocks (SiO2 = 57–65 wt.%) interpreted as byproducts of assimilation and/or fractional crystallization (AFC) processes from high Ti tholeiitic magmas, are scarce (but present) in all three provinces. An accurate analysis of multivariable databases collected from the literature for dikes and sills, including major and trace element and radiogenic isotope data, reveals close similarities in their geochemical signatures. In a paleogeographic reconstruction of West Gondwana, the intrusive remnants of the PMP, EMP and EQUAMP are spread over an area of nearly 10 × 106 km2, forming perhaps the most extensive set of plumbing systems on Earth, with a relatively consistent chronology based on a vast collection of K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar data available in the literature. This work provides the first comprehensive data comparison to support the existence of what may have been a single intercontinental-scale magmatic province of West Gondwana.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987122001323LIP-related plumbing systemsContinental tholeiitesParaná-EtendekaEQUAMPSelf-organizing maps |
| spellingShingle | Antomat A. Macêdo Filho Maria Helena B.M. Hollanda Stephen Fraser Alisson L. Oliveira Alanny C.C. Melo Alana R. Dantas Correlations among large igneous provinces related to the West Gondwana breakup: A geochemical database reappraisal of Early Cretaceous plumbing systems Geoscience Frontiers LIP-related plumbing systems Continental tholeiites Paraná-Etendeka EQUAMP Self-organizing maps |
| title | Correlations among large igneous provinces related to the West Gondwana breakup: A geochemical database reappraisal of Early Cretaceous plumbing systems |
| title_full | Correlations among large igneous provinces related to the West Gondwana breakup: A geochemical database reappraisal of Early Cretaceous plumbing systems |
| title_fullStr | Correlations among large igneous provinces related to the West Gondwana breakup: A geochemical database reappraisal of Early Cretaceous plumbing systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlations among large igneous provinces related to the West Gondwana breakup: A geochemical database reappraisal of Early Cretaceous plumbing systems |
| title_short | Correlations among large igneous provinces related to the West Gondwana breakup: A geochemical database reappraisal of Early Cretaceous plumbing systems |
| title_sort | correlations among large igneous provinces related to the west gondwana breakup a geochemical database reappraisal of early cretaceous plumbing systems |
| topic | LIP-related plumbing systems Continental tholeiites Paraná-Etendeka EQUAMP Self-organizing maps |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987122001323 |
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