Glutamatergic retinal waves
Spontaneous activity patterns propagate through many parts of the developing nervous system and shape the wiring of emerging circuits. Prior to vision, waves of activity originating in the retina propagate through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus to primary visual cortex (V1). Re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2016.00038/full |
| _version_ | 1818056790862987264 |
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| author | Daniel eKerschensteiner |
| author_facet | Daniel eKerschensteiner |
| author_sort | Daniel eKerschensteiner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spontaneous activity patterns propagate through many parts of the developing nervous system and shape the wiring of emerging circuits. Prior to vision, waves of activity originating in the retina propagate through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus to primary visual cortex (V1). Retinal waves have been shown to instruct the wiring of ganglion cell axons in LGN and of thalamocortical axons in V1 via correlation-based plasticity rules. Across species, retinal waves mature in three stereotypic stages (I-III), in which distinct circuit mechanisms give rise to unique activity patterns that serve specific functions in visual system refinement. Here, I review insights into the patterns, mechanisms, and functions of stage III retinal waves, which rely on glutamatergic signaling. As glutamatergic waves spread across the retina, neighboring ganglion cells with opposite light responses (ON vs. OFF) are activated sequentially. Recent studies identified lateral excitatory networks in the inner retina that generate and propagate glutamatergic waves, and vertical inhibitory networks that desynchronize the activity of ON and OFF cells in the wavefront. Stage III wave activity patterns may help segregate axons of ON and OFF ganglion cells in the LGN, and could contribute to the emergence of orientation selectivity in V1. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T12:34:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad7d9661160b46f7bf489bff5d77a853 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T12:34:27Z |
| publishDate | 2016-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad7d9661160b46f7bf489bff5d77a8532022-12-22T01:48:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102016-05-011010.3389/fncir.2016.00038204439Glutamatergic retinal wavesDaniel eKerschensteiner0Washington University in St. LouisSpontaneous activity patterns propagate through many parts of the developing nervous system and shape the wiring of emerging circuits. Prior to vision, waves of activity originating in the retina propagate through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus to primary visual cortex (V1). Retinal waves have been shown to instruct the wiring of ganglion cell axons in LGN and of thalamocortical axons in V1 via correlation-based plasticity rules. Across species, retinal waves mature in three stereotypic stages (I-III), in which distinct circuit mechanisms give rise to unique activity patterns that serve specific functions in visual system refinement. Here, I review insights into the patterns, mechanisms, and functions of stage III retinal waves, which rely on glutamatergic signaling. As glutamatergic waves spread across the retina, neighboring ganglion cells with opposite light responses (ON vs. OFF) are activated sequentially. Recent studies identified lateral excitatory networks in the inner retina that generate and propagate glutamatergic waves, and vertical inhibitory networks that desynchronize the activity of ON and OFF cells in the wavefront. Stage III wave activity patterns may help segregate axons of ON and OFF ganglion cells in the LGN, and could contribute to the emergence of orientation selectivity in V1.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2016.00038/fullRetinadevelopmentVisual Systemspontaneous activityasynchronicitySynaptic refinement |
| spellingShingle | Daniel eKerschensteiner Glutamatergic retinal waves Frontiers in Neural Circuits Retina development Visual System spontaneous activity asynchronicity Synaptic refinement |
| title | Glutamatergic retinal waves |
| title_full | Glutamatergic retinal waves |
| title_fullStr | Glutamatergic retinal waves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glutamatergic retinal waves |
| title_short | Glutamatergic retinal waves |
| title_sort | glutamatergic retinal waves |
| topic | Retina development Visual System spontaneous activity asynchronicity Synaptic refinement |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncir.2016.00038/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielekerschensteiner glutamatergicretinalwaves |