Insights into the Root Sprouts of <i>Toona fargesii</i> in a Natural Forest: From the Morphology, Physiology, and Transcriptome Levels
<i>Toona fargesii</i> (<i>T. fargesii</i>) is a deciduous tree of the Meliaceae family which is utilized for high-value timber. Interestingly, root sprouting is a typical reproductive pattern in <i>T. fargesii</i>. Nevertheless, the genetics underlying this phenom...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/2/335 |
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| author | Qiangqiang Cheng Jikai Ma Chunce Guo Qiuwei Zhong Wanwen Yu Ting Jia Lu Zhang |
| author_facet | Qiangqiang Cheng Jikai Ma Chunce Guo Qiuwei Zhong Wanwen Yu Ting Jia Lu Zhang |
| author_sort | Qiangqiang Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Toona fargesii</i> (<i>T. fargesii</i>) is a deciduous tree of the Meliaceae family which is utilized for high-value timber. Interestingly, root sprouting is a typical reproductive pattern in <i>T. fargesii</i>. Nevertheless, the genetics underlying this phenomenon are still unclear. Here, three type of roots of <i>T. fargesii</i> were used for histological observation, plant endogenous hormone determination, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) determination, and sequencing using the Illumina next-generation and PacBio SMRT platforms. Our results indicated that root sprouts originated from cork cambiums. Furthermore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA) content was significantly increased, while soluble sugar content was significantly decreased in the root sprouts. In addition, transcriptomic analysis suggested a total of 36.19 G of raw data from which 210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of were identified in RS vs. SR. Of these, the candidate DEGs were largely enriched in the citrate cycle, gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. We therefore speculated that the accumulation of cytokinin and auxin might be induced by <i>ATP-binding cassette-B 19</i> (<i>ABCB19</i>) and <i>ABCG14</i>, which were necessary for root sprouting. Additionally, transcription factors <i>SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like 18</i> (<i>SPL18</i>) and <i>NAM</i>, <i>ATAF1</i>/<i>2</i>, and <i>CUC2-14 (NAC14)</i> were found in response to environmental water and epigenetic modification in RS. Overall, this study was to unravel the physiological and transcriptomic levels of the development of root sprouting in <i>T. fargesii</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:31:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad82c236642d4a84be2925138f915d7f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:31:54Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad82c236642d4a84be2925138f915d7f2024-02-23T15:16:59ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072024-02-0115233510.3390/f15020335Insights into the Root Sprouts of <i>Toona fargesii</i> in a Natural Forest: From the Morphology, Physiology, and Transcriptome LevelsQiangqiang Cheng0Jikai Ma1Chunce Guo2Qiuwei Zhong3Wanwen Yu4Ting Jia5Lu Zhang6Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, 2011 Collaboration Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, 2011 Collaboration Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, 2011 Collaboration Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, 2011 Collaboration Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, 2011 Collaboration Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, 2011 Collaboration Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China<i>Toona fargesii</i> (<i>T. fargesii</i>) is a deciduous tree of the Meliaceae family which is utilized for high-value timber. Interestingly, root sprouting is a typical reproductive pattern in <i>T. fargesii</i>. Nevertheless, the genetics underlying this phenomenon are still unclear. Here, three type of roots of <i>T. fargesii</i> were used for histological observation, plant endogenous hormone determination, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) determination, and sequencing using the Illumina next-generation and PacBio SMRT platforms. Our results indicated that root sprouts originated from cork cambiums. Furthermore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA) content was significantly increased, while soluble sugar content was significantly decreased in the root sprouts. In addition, transcriptomic analysis suggested a total of 36.19 G of raw data from which 210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of were identified in RS vs. SR. Of these, the candidate DEGs were largely enriched in the citrate cycle, gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. We therefore speculated that the accumulation of cytokinin and auxin might be induced by <i>ATP-binding cassette-B 19</i> (<i>ABCB19</i>) and <i>ABCG14</i>, which were necessary for root sprouting. Additionally, transcription factors <i>SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like 18</i> (<i>SPL18</i>) and <i>NAM</i>, <i>ATAF1</i>/<i>2</i>, and <i>CUC2-14 (NAC14)</i> were found in response to environmental water and epigenetic modification in RS. Overall, this study was to unravel the physiological and transcriptomic levels of the development of root sprouting in <i>T. fargesii</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/2/335<i>Toona fargesii</i>root sproutingphysiologicaltranscriptomePacBio SMRT |
| spellingShingle | Qiangqiang Cheng Jikai Ma Chunce Guo Qiuwei Zhong Wanwen Yu Ting Jia Lu Zhang Insights into the Root Sprouts of <i>Toona fargesii</i> in a Natural Forest: From the Morphology, Physiology, and Transcriptome Levels Forests <i>Toona fargesii</i> root sprouting physiological transcriptome PacBio SMRT |
| title | Insights into the Root Sprouts of <i>Toona fargesii</i> in a Natural Forest: From the Morphology, Physiology, and Transcriptome Levels |
| title_full | Insights into the Root Sprouts of <i>Toona fargesii</i> in a Natural Forest: From the Morphology, Physiology, and Transcriptome Levels |
| title_fullStr | Insights into the Root Sprouts of <i>Toona fargesii</i> in a Natural Forest: From the Morphology, Physiology, and Transcriptome Levels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the Root Sprouts of <i>Toona fargesii</i> in a Natural Forest: From the Morphology, Physiology, and Transcriptome Levels |
| title_short | Insights into the Root Sprouts of <i>Toona fargesii</i> in a Natural Forest: From the Morphology, Physiology, and Transcriptome Levels |
| title_sort | insights into the root sprouts of i toona fargesii i in a natural forest from the morphology physiology and transcriptome levels |
| topic | <i>Toona fargesii</i> root sprouting physiological transcriptome PacBio SMRT |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/2/335 |
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