Energy Evaluation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Reed Plant Pelletizing and Utilization as Solid Biofuel
This paper presents the results of research on the preparation and use for energy purposes of three reed herbaceous energy plants: reed (<i>Phragmites australis</i>) and bulrush (<i>Typha</i>); both grown in local vicinities on lakes and riverbanks and reed canary grass (<...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/6/1516 |
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| author | Algirdas Jasinskas Dionizas Streikus Egidijus Šarauskis Mečys Palšauskas Kęstutis Venslauskas |
| author_facet | Algirdas Jasinskas Dionizas Streikus Egidijus Šarauskis Mečys Palšauskas Kęstutis Venslauskas |
| author_sort | Algirdas Jasinskas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the results of research on the preparation and use for energy purposes of three reed herbaceous energy plants: reed (<i>Phragmites australis</i>) and bulrush (<i>Typha</i>); both grown in local vicinities on lakes and riverbanks and reed canary grass (<i>Phalaris arundinacea</i> L.). The physical-mechanical characteristics (density, moisture, and ash content) of chopped and milled reeds were investigated. The investigation of mill fractional compositions determined the largest amount of mill—reed mill, collected on the sieves of 0.63 mm (40.0%). The pellet moisture ranged from 10.79% to 6.32%, while the density was 1178.9 kg m<sup>−3</sup> for dry matter (DM) of reed. The ash content of reed, bulrush and reed canary grass pellets was 3.17%, 5.88%, and 7.99%, respectively. The ash melting temperature ranged from 865 to 1411 °C; these temperatures were high enough for ash melting. The determined pellet calorific value varied from 17.4 to 17.9 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> DM. The disintegration force, indicating pellet strength, ranged from 324.25 N for reed canary grass to 549.24 N for reed. The determined emissions of harmful pollutants—CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, and unburnt hydrocarbons (C<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub>)—did not exceed the maximum permissible levels. The assessment of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from technology showed that the CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents ranged from 7.3 to 10.1 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. GJ<sup>−1</sup> for reed and reed canary grass, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:21:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad83712e0ced40258adce7c517e166ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:21:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad83712e0ced40258adce7c517e166ec2022-12-22T02:54:37ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-03-01136151610.3390/en13061516en13061516Energy Evaluation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Reed Plant Pelletizing and Utilization as Solid BiofuelAlgirdas Jasinskas0Dionizas Streikus1Egidijus Šarauskis2Mečys Palšauskas3Kęstutis Venslauskas4Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Studentų 15 B, Akademija, LT-53362 Kaunas, LithuaniaInstitute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Studentų 15 B, Akademija, LT-53362 Kaunas, LithuaniaInstitute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Studentų 15 B, Akademija, LT-53362 Kaunas, LithuaniaInstitute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Studentų 15 B, Akademija, LT-53362 Kaunas, LithuaniaInstitute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Studentų 15 B, Akademija, LT-53362 Kaunas, LithuaniaThis paper presents the results of research on the preparation and use for energy purposes of three reed herbaceous energy plants: reed (<i>Phragmites australis</i>) and bulrush (<i>Typha</i>); both grown in local vicinities on lakes and riverbanks and reed canary grass (<i>Phalaris arundinacea</i> L.). The physical-mechanical characteristics (density, moisture, and ash content) of chopped and milled reeds were investigated. The investigation of mill fractional compositions determined the largest amount of mill—reed mill, collected on the sieves of 0.63 mm (40.0%). The pellet moisture ranged from 10.79% to 6.32%, while the density was 1178.9 kg m<sup>−3</sup> for dry matter (DM) of reed. The ash content of reed, bulrush and reed canary grass pellets was 3.17%, 5.88%, and 7.99%, respectively. The ash melting temperature ranged from 865 to 1411 °C; these temperatures were high enough for ash melting. The determined pellet calorific value varied from 17.4 to 17.9 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> DM. The disintegration force, indicating pellet strength, ranged from 324.25 N for reed canary grass to 549.24 N for reed. The determined emissions of harmful pollutants—CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, and unburnt hydrocarbons (C<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub>)—did not exceed the maximum permissible levels. The assessment of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from technology showed that the CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents ranged from 7.3 to 10.1 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. GJ<sup>−1</sup> for reed and reed canary grass, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/6/1516solid biofuelpellet and ash propertiesemissionsenergy evaluationgreenhouse gas |
| spellingShingle | Algirdas Jasinskas Dionizas Streikus Egidijus Šarauskis Mečys Palšauskas Kęstutis Venslauskas Energy Evaluation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Reed Plant Pelletizing and Utilization as Solid Biofuel Energies solid biofuel pellet and ash properties emissions energy evaluation greenhouse gas |
| title | Energy Evaluation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Reed Plant Pelletizing and Utilization as Solid Biofuel |
| title_full | Energy Evaluation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Reed Plant Pelletizing and Utilization as Solid Biofuel |
| title_fullStr | Energy Evaluation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Reed Plant Pelletizing and Utilization as Solid Biofuel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Evaluation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Reed Plant Pelletizing and Utilization as Solid Biofuel |
| title_short | Energy Evaluation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Reed Plant Pelletizing and Utilization as Solid Biofuel |
| title_sort | energy evaluation and greenhouse gas emissions of reed plant pelletizing and utilization as solid biofuel |
| topic | solid biofuel pellet and ash properties emissions energy evaluation greenhouse gas |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/6/1516 |
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